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<p>Modified stepped slope solar stills (MSSSS) have been augmented with silver (Ag) nanofluids, Ag nanofluids with phase change material (PCM), and Ag nano-enhanced phase change material (NEPCM). Due to increased heat storage, the NEPCM improves energy and exergy efficiencies, especially at night. The NEPCM has the highest energy efficiency at 60.75%, followed by Ag (0.07%) with PCM at 57.45%, and Ag (0.07%) at 49.55%. The NEPCM has an average exergy efficiency of 4.65%, followed by 4.33% and 3.33%, respectively. The daily yield at 3.392 kg/m<sup>2</sup>·day is the highest one for the NEPCM, surpassing 2.955 and 2.64 kg/m<sup>2</sup>·day. Thus, the stepped geometry with Ag-based NEPCM improves sustainable solar desalination output and efficiencies.</p>

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Thermal and productivity analysis of a stepped slope solar still using silver nanofluid and nano-enhanced PCM

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • V. Kumar,
  • D. Singh,
  • S. P Singh,
  • P. K. Mall,
  • S. Kumar,
  • K. Sadhana

摘要

Modified stepped slope solar stills (MSSSS) have been augmented with silver (Ag) nanofluids, Ag nanofluids with phase change material (PCM), and Ag nano-enhanced phase change material (NEPCM). Due to increased heat storage, the NEPCM improves energy and exergy efficiencies, especially at night. The NEPCM has the highest energy efficiency at 60.75%, followed by Ag (0.07%) with PCM at 57.45%, and Ag (0.07%) at 49.55%. The NEPCM has an average exergy efficiency of 4.65%, followed by 4.33% and 3.33%, respectively. The daily yield at 3.392 kg/m2·day is the highest one for the NEPCM, surpassing 2.955 and 2.64 kg/m2·day. Thus, the stepped geometry with Ag-based NEPCM improves sustainable solar desalination output and efficiencies.