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<p>This study reports the synthesis of cadmium-doped tin oxide (SnO:Cd) nanoparticles using pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) at laser energies of 500, 700, and 900 mJ. The influence of laser energy on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the nanomaterials has been systematically investigated. X‑ray diffraction (XRD) results for the prepared samples show the formation of crystalline structures with a&#xa0;clear increase in crystallite size with increasing laser power. On the other hand, atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals an increase in the surface roughness resulting from particle agglomeration. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) supports this result using its high-resolution imaging to visually show that nanoparticles have different sizes. UV-Vis examination reveals a&#xa0;redshift in the absorption behavior with a&#xa0;decrease in the band gap from 2.9 to 2.2 eV. These results demonstrate that the laser power is a&#xa0;critical parameter in controlling the properties of the resulting SnO:Cd nanoparticles, which impacts their suitability for microelectronics, optics, and sensor applications.</p>

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Effect of laser energy on the properties of SnO:Cd nanoparticles synthesized via pulsed laser ablation in liquid

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月1日

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  • Wassan D. Hussain,
  • Mohammed H. Jawad,
  • Sarah Faris Khaleel,
  • Kadhim A. Aadim

摘要

This study reports the synthesis of cadmium-doped tin oxide (SnO:Cd) nanoparticles using pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) at laser energies of 500, 700, and 900 mJ. The influence of laser energy on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the nanomaterials has been systematically investigated. X‑ray diffraction (XRD) results for the prepared samples show the formation of crystalline structures with a clear increase in crystallite size with increasing laser power. On the other hand, atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals an increase in the surface roughness resulting from particle agglomeration. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) supports this result using its high-resolution imaging to visually show that nanoparticles have different sizes. UV-Vis examination reveals a redshift in the absorption behavior with a decrease in the band gap from 2.9 to 2.2 eV. These results demonstrate that the laser power is a critical parameter in controlling the properties of the resulting SnO:Cd nanoparticles, which impacts their suitability for microelectronics, optics, and sensor applications.