<p>The <i>in vitro</i> screening of the antifungal activity in a series of quaternary ammonium salts based on pyridoxine revealed a highly active bis-ammonium compound, <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-{[(2,2,8-trimethyl-4<i>H</i>-[1,3]dioxino[4,5-<i>c</i>]pyridine-5,6-diyl]bis(methylene)} bis(<i>N</i>-dodecyl-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylammonium) dichloride (<b>KFU-04</b>), which exhibited pronounced antimycotic activity against a panel of various mycelial and yeast fungal pathogens, in particular, 3 reference strains and 15 clinical isolates, including drug-resistant ones. It was found that <b>KFU-04</b> exerts a rapid dose-dependent effect, allowing to reduce the number of CFU of the pathogen by two to three orders of magnitude within two days, with a significant effect being observed already after 8 h from the start of incubation. In contrast to fluconazole and terbinafine, which are used world-wide to treat onychomycosis (fungal nail infections), <b>KFU-04</b> under the conditions of a model experiment was found to efficiently and dose-dependently inhibit the formation of fungal biofilms of the aggressive clinical isolate <i>C. albicans</i> isolated from nail plates. Using two different types of high-resolution microscopy, confocal laser scanning and electron microscopy, it was shown that the membrane and possibly the cell wall of fungi are among the main targets of compound <b>KFU-04</b>. The described powerful and complex antimicrobial effects were not accompanied by toxicity both when applied externally and when administered systemically: <i>in vivo</i> experiments on rodents demonstrated the high safety of <b>KFU-04</b> (LD<sub>50</sub> &gt; 2000 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>). In general, the obtained experimental results provided strong grounds for continuing studies of compound <b>KFU-04</b> as a potential highly efficient broad-spectrum antifungal agent for combating dangerous infections.</p>

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Synthesis and antimycotic activity of quaternary ammonium salts based on pyridoxine

  • N. V. Shtyrlin,
  • S. A. Lisovskaya,
  • S. V. Sapozhnikov,
  • A. G. Iksanova,
  • A. M. Aimaletdinov,
  • L. R. Valiullin,
  • K. V. Balakin,
  • Yu. G. Shtyrlin

摘要

The in vitro screening of the antifungal activity in a series of quaternary ammonium salts based on pyridoxine revealed a highly active bis-ammonium compound, N,N′-{[(2,2,8-trimethyl-4H-[1,3]dioxino[4,5-c]pyridine-5,6-diyl]bis(methylene)} bis(N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethylammonium) dichloride (KFU-04), which exhibited pronounced antimycotic activity against a panel of various mycelial and yeast fungal pathogens, in particular, 3 reference strains and 15 clinical isolates, including drug-resistant ones. It was found that KFU-04 exerts a rapid dose-dependent effect, allowing to reduce the number of CFU of the pathogen by two to three orders of magnitude within two days, with a significant effect being observed already after 8 h from the start of incubation. In contrast to fluconazole and terbinafine, which are used world-wide to treat onychomycosis (fungal nail infections), KFU-04 under the conditions of a model experiment was found to efficiently and dose-dependently inhibit the formation of fungal biofilms of the aggressive clinical isolate C. albicans isolated from nail plates. Using two different types of high-resolution microscopy, confocal laser scanning and electron microscopy, it was shown that the membrane and possibly the cell wall of fungi are among the main targets of compound KFU-04. The described powerful and complex antimicrobial effects were not accompanied by toxicity both when applied externally and when administered systemically: in vivo experiments on rodents demonstrated the high safety of KFU-04 (LD50 > 2000 mg kg−1). In general, the obtained experimental results provided strong grounds for continuing studies of compound KFU-04 as a potential highly efficient broad-spectrum antifungal agent for combating dangerous infections.