NiFe2O4 nanoparticles: an efficient nanocatalyst for ultrasound assisted synthesis of pyrano[4,3-b]pyran derivatives
摘要
Herein, we describe the synthesis of nickel ferrite nanoparticles (NiFe2O4 NPs) and its utilization as a catalyst for the ultrasound-assisted synthesis of pyrano[4,3-b]pyran derivatives. The NiFe2O4 NPs were thoroughly characterized to investigate their structural, morphological, surface, thermal, and magnetic properties using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, FESEM-EDAX, elemental mapping, TEM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, the magnetic properties were studied through hysteresis measurements at room temperature. Owing to their magnetic nature, which facilitates easy separation and recyclability, these nanoparticles were utilized as catalyst for the ultrasound assisted synthesis of pyrano[4,3-b]pyrans offering advantages like excellent yield, short reaction time, and environmentally benign. The catalyst retained its activity up to six successive runs, and the reused catalyst was further characterized by XRD, FTIR, and XPS analyses to confirm its structural and chemical stability.
Graphical abstract