One-pot multi-component synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-4,6-disubstituted pyridines using Fe₃O₄/HAP nanoacatalyst: a sustainable and greener approach

Herein, we report an innovative approach for the one-pot, multi-component synthesis of 2-amino-4,6-disubstituted-3-cyanopyridine derivatives via the cyclocondensation of aryl ketones, ammonium acetate, substituted aromatic aldehydes, and malononitrile in a neat environment using a prepared Fe₃O₄/HAP nanocatalyst. The prepared nanocatalyst was characterized using FTIR, XRD, TGA, and FE-SEM. The novelty of the current work is the preparation of magnetically recoverable Fe₃O₄/HAP nanocatalyst that selectively facilitates the multi-component synthesis of 3-cyanopyridine derivatives in neat conditions as a healthier and more sustainable alternative to the traditional catalytic systems. The newly developed protocol offers several significant benefits, including a shorter reaction time, very good yield of the desired product, lower temperatures, a wide range of substrates, and an easy separation process. Additionally, the catalyst was recovered and recycled for five cycles, resulting in a loss of catalytic activity.