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<p>In this study, the sustainable and economically viable synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a key bio-based platform chemical, from fructose using commercial acidic ion-exchange resins as heterogeneous catalysts was investigated. The investigation evaluated four commercial resins (Amberlite 120, Amberlyst 16, Amberlite 748 and Lewatit K2629) for their potential in developing a scalable process, leveraging their proven industrial robustness. Lewatit K2629 was identified as the superior catalyst in the initial screening in DMSO, achieving an exceptional HMF yield. Detailed characterization confirmed the catalyst’s thermal stability, spherical porous morphology and the presence of sulfonic acid (–SO<sub>3</sub>H) functional groups. The optimal reaction conditions were determined using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) as 120&#xa0;°C, 125&#xa0;min, and 28&#xa0;wt% catalyst loading, which increased the reaction yield to 95.2%. Furthermore, the catalyst demonstrated high selectivity toward furanose sugars. More importantly, the Lewatit K2629 resin exhibited excellent stability and recyclability over seven consecutive cycles, showing only a 14% reduction in catalytic activity. This research successfully demonstrates an efficient, cost-effective, and highly recyclable heterogeneous catalytic system. Given the excellent performance of this industrial ion-exchange catalyst in the conversion of fructose to HMF, this work paves the way for the expansion and industrialization of bio-based material production processes.</p>

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Study and investigation of efficiency of industrial ion exchange resins as catalysts in the conversion of carbohydrates to HMF

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月9日

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  • Mohammadreza Mehdizadeh,
  • Samahe Sadjadi,
  • Somayeh Lashgari

摘要

In this study, the sustainable and economically viable synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a key bio-based platform chemical, from fructose using commercial acidic ion-exchange resins as heterogeneous catalysts was investigated. The investigation evaluated four commercial resins (Amberlite 120, Amberlyst 16, Amberlite 748 and Lewatit K2629) for their potential in developing a scalable process, leveraging their proven industrial robustness. Lewatit K2629 was identified as the superior catalyst in the initial screening in DMSO, achieving an exceptional HMF yield. Detailed characterization confirmed the catalyst’s thermal stability, spherical porous morphology and the presence of sulfonic acid (–SO3H) functional groups. The optimal reaction conditions were determined using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) as 120 °C, 125 min, and 28 wt% catalyst loading, which increased the reaction yield to 95.2%. Furthermore, the catalyst demonstrated high selectivity toward furanose sugars. More importantly, the Lewatit K2629 resin exhibited excellent stability and recyclability over seven consecutive cycles, showing only a 14% reduction in catalytic activity. This research successfully demonstrates an efficient, cost-effective, and highly recyclable heterogeneous catalytic system. Given the excellent performance of this industrial ion-exchange catalyst in the conversion of fructose to HMF, this work paves the way for the expansion and industrialization of bio-based material production processes.