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<p>This research explores the design and development of a novel and reusable electromagnetic cathode based on iron (Fe) foam modified with ZIF-8@Bi<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> metal–organic framework (MOF) for the electro-organic synthesis of hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylates <b>5(a–p).</b> The reaction utilizes ethyl 3-oxobutanoate <b>(1a)</b> or methyl 3-oxobutanoate (<b>1b)</b>, 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione <b>(2a)</b>, benzaldehydes <b>3(a–p),</b> and ammonium acetate <b>(4a)</b> in the presence of ChCl/Gly deep eutectic solvent (DES), achieving product yields ranging from 88 to 97%. The ZIF-8@Bi<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> catalyst was characterized utilizing numerous analytical techniques like SEM, XRD, EDX, FT-IR, AFM, zeta potential analysis, XPS, CV, TGA, BET surface area and magnetization curve analysis. The results demonstrate that the modified cathode not only enhances reaction efficiency but also exhibits excellent stability and reusability, making it a promising candidate for sustainable organic synthesis applications. This work emphasizes the promise of combining MOFs with electromagnetic technologies to create highly efficient electrochemical systems for organic transformations. The synthesized hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate derivatives <b>5(a–p)</b> were then assessed for in vitro cytotoxic effects on the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29), the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and the HEK-293 normal cells. All compounds demonstrated IC<sub>50</sub> values lower than 6&#xa0;µM for the MCF-7 and HT-29 cell lines, indicating strong potential in anticancer activity. Remarkably, derivative <b>5f</b> demonstrated good activity in inhibiting the viability of the HT-29 and MCF-7 cell lines in comparison with the commercial anticancer agent doxorubicin, utilized as a positive control.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Novel and reusable electromagnetic cathode-based electro-organic synthesis of hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate derivatives and their anticancer potential

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Obaid Afzal,
  • Mubarak A. Alamri,
  • Ali Altharawi,
  • Manal A. Alossaimi,
  • Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi,
  • Safar M. Alqahtani

摘要

This research explores the design and development of a novel and reusable electromagnetic cathode based on iron (Fe) foam modified with ZIF-8@Bi2Fe4O9 metal–organic framework (MOF) for the electro-organic synthesis of hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylates 5(a–p). The reaction utilizes ethyl 3-oxobutanoate (1a) or methyl 3-oxobutanoate (1b), 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione (2a), benzaldehydes 3(a–p), and ammonium acetate (4a) in the presence of ChCl/Gly deep eutectic solvent (DES), achieving product yields ranging from 88 to 97%. The ZIF-8@Bi2Fe4O9 catalyst was characterized utilizing numerous analytical techniques like SEM, XRD, EDX, FT-IR, AFM, zeta potential analysis, XPS, CV, TGA, BET surface area and magnetization curve analysis. The results demonstrate that the modified cathode not only enhances reaction efficiency but also exhibits excellent stability and reusability, making it a promising candidate for sustainable organic synthesis applications. This work emphasizes the promise of combining MOFs with electromagnetic technologies to create highly efficient electrochemical systems for organic transformations. The synthesized hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate derivatives 5(a–p) were then assessed for in vitro cytotoxic effects on the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29), the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and the HEK-293 normal cells. All compounds demonstrated IC50 values lower than 6 µM for the MCF-7 and HT-29 cell lines, indicating strong potential in anticancer activity. Remarkably, derivative 5f demonstrated good activity in inhibiting the viability of the HT-29 and MCF-7 cell lines in comparison with the commercial anticancer agent doxorubicin, utilized as a positive control.

Graphical abstract