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<p>Organic–inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskite solar cells have great photovoltaic potential but suffer from inherent structural instability, limiting their commercialization. Carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) are promising due to their low cost, simple fabrication, and enhanced stability. Herein, La(Ac)<sub>3</sub> was selected as a modifier to further improve C-PSCs’ performance and stability, owing to “lattice regulation and defect passivation” effect. La<sup>3+</sup> may partially replace B-site Pb<sup>2+</sup> to enhance crystalline quality, while dissociated Ac<sup>−</sup> passivates deep-level defects by coordinating with undercoordinated Pb<sup>2+</sup>. The MAPbI<sub>3</sub> film modified with 0.5&#xa0;mol% La(Ac)<sub>3</sub> shows optimal crystalline quality and prolonged carrier lifetime. The champion C-PSC achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.12%, a 13.75% relative enhancement over the control (15.93%). Unencapsulated modified devices retain 85% of initial PCE after 35 d in ambient air (RH ≈ 50%), and encapsulated modified devices retain 82.1% in ambient air under continuous simulated solar illumination (one-sun intensity, AM 1.5G equivalent LED source) for 240h. This work provides a simple and low-cost strategy toward the scalable fabrication of high-performance C-PSCs.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p> <p>This table of contents covers the architecture of the perovskite solar cell. The La(Ac)<sub>3</sub>-doped device achieves an enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency of 18%, while the hysteresis index of the La(Ac)<sub>3</sub>-incorporated device is notably decreased from 13.25 to 6.40%.</p>

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Lanthanum acetate-mediated dual-ion passivation for efficient and stable carbon-based perovskite solar cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • Jinglin Wang,
  • Junfang Zhang,
  • Hui Lv,
  • Ye Yang,
  • Qionghua Su,
  • Xing Lu,
  • Anxiang Guan,
  • Liya Zhou,
  • Peican Chen

摘要

Organic–inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskite solar cells have great photovoltaic potential but suffer from inherent structural instability, limiting their commercialization. Carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) are promising due to their low cost, simple fabrication, and enhanced stability. Herein, La(Ac)3 was selected as a modifier to further improve C-PSCs’ performance and stability, owing to “lattice regulation and defect passivation” effect. La3+ may partially replace B-site Pb2+ to enhance crystalline quality, while dissociated Ac− passivates deep-level defects by coordinating with undercoordinated Pb2+. The MAPbI3 film modified with 0.5 mol% La(Ac)3 shows optimal crystalline quality and prolonged carrier lifetime. The champion C-PSC achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.12%, a 13.75% relative enhancement over the control (15.93%). Unencapsulated modified devices retain 85% of initial PCE after 35 d in ambient air (RH ≈ 50%), and encapsulated modified devices retain 82.1% in ambient air under continuous simulated solar illumination (one-sun intensity, AM 1.5G equivalent LED source) for 240h. This work provides a simple and low-cost strategy toward the scalable fabrication of high-performance C-PSCs.

Graphical abstract

This table of contents covers the architecture of the perovskite solar cell. The La(Ac)3-doped device achieves an enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency of 18%, while the hysteresis index of the La(Ac)3-incorporated device is notably decreased from 13.25 to 6.40%.