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<p>The incorporation of platinum dopants into the bimetallic oxide nanoparticles (BMONPs) enhances active sites and improves catalytic efficiency to accelerate specific organic transformations. The present study reports a sustainable and eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of platinum-doped NiZn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (Pt@NiZn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanocomposites (NCs) using leaves of <i>Careya arborea</i> (<i>C. arborea</i>)&#xa0;as a natural reducing agent through the co-precipitation method. The&#xa0;fabricated Pt@NiZn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NCs were characterized and authenticated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), elemental mapping and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques to confirm their structural phase, chemical composition, shape, size, surface area porosity. Moreover, the FE-SEM images revealed that platinum nanoparticles (NPs) were embedded on/into the NiZn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> microsheets, whereas HR-TEM revealed nearly monodispersed quantum dots of platinum decorated on NiZn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> sheets. After that, the catalytic activity of the Pt@NiZn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NCs was explored in the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives. Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives were prepared in one-pot multicomponent reactions using ethyl acetoacetate, various aromatic aldehydes, hydrazine hydrate, and malononitrile. It was demonstrated that 10&#xa0;mg of Pt@ NiZn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NCs (nanocatalyst) loading obtained an exceptional 97% yield in ethanol. The choice of Pt@NiZn₂O₄ NCs governs not only the reaction yield but also the selectivity and structural diversity of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives. This nanostructure-based heterogeneous catalytic procedure is ecologically benign, sustainable, and cost-effective due to its excellent recyclability. The futuristic applications of phytosynthesized Pt@NiZn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NCs will be used in energy storage and environmental remediation, while derivatives of pyranopyrazole are applicable in biomedical fields, including antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic drugs.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Sustainable biosynthesis of microporous platinum-doped NiZn2O4 nanocomposites as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole and its derivatives

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月3日

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  • Sampat R. Shingda,
  • Rohit Fuke,
  • Hemant M. Alone,
  • Kapil S. Ganorkar,
  • Ratiram G. Chaudhary,
  • Sudip Mondal,
  • Nilesh V. Gandhare

摘要

The incorporation of platinum dopants into the bimetallic oxide nanoparticles (BMONPs) enhances active sites and improves catalytic efficiency to accelerate specific organic transformations. The present study reports a sustainable and eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of platinum-doped NiZn2O4 (Pt@NiZn2O4) nanocomposites (NCs) using leaves of Careya arborea (C. arborea) as a natural reducing agent through the co-precipitation method. The fabricated Pt@NiZn2O4 NCs were characterized and authenticated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), elemental mapping and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques to confirm their structural phase, chemical composition, shape, size, surface area porosity. Moreover, the FE-SEM images revealed that platinum nanoparticles (NPs) were embedded on/into the NiZn2O4 microsheets, whereas HR-TEM revealed nearly monodispersed quantum dots of platinum decorated on NiZn2O4 sheets. After that, the catalytic activity of the Pt@NiZn2O4 NCs was explored in the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives. Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives were prepared in one-pot multicomponent reactions using ethyl acetoacetate, various aromatic aldehydes, hydrazine hydrate, and malononitrile. It was demonstrated that 10 mg of Pt@ NiZn2O4 NCs (nanocatalyst) loading obtained an exceptional 97% yield in ethanol. The choice of Pt@NiZn₂O₄ NCs governs not only the reaction yield but also the selectivity and structural diversity of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives. This nanostructure-based heterogeneous catalytic procedure is ecologically benign, sustainable, and cost-effective due to its excellent recyclability. The futuristic applications of phytosynthesized Pt@NiZn2O4 NCs will be used in energy storage and environmental remediation, while derivatives of pyranopyrazole are applicable in biomedical fields, including antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic drugs.

Graphical abstract