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<p>To align with a circular economy, this study aimed to extend the lifecycle of eggshell waste by valorizing it into a catalyst for producing the green chemical dimethyl carbonate (DMC) through the transesterification of propylene carbonate (PC) with methanol. CaO derived from eggshells was modified by doping with 10&#xa0;mol% of aliovalent metal cations, including Na<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, and Ce<sup>3+</sup>, via a calcination-hydration-dehydration process. The catalyst activity was tested under atmospheric air at 40–70&#xa0;°C for 1–3&#xa0;h. Metal-doped CaO possessed better activity than pure CaO, and the performance was ranked in order as CaO &lt; Na–CaO &lt; Ce–CaO &lt; Mg–CaO. At the optimized reaction conditions of 50&#xa0;°C for 2&#xa0;h, the Mg–CaO catalyst exhibited the best performance, with 77% PC conversion, 62% DMC selectivity, and 37% DMC yield. This improvement correlated with the high surface-active area and optimum basicity induced by incorporating Mg<sup>2+</sup> into the CaO structure and forming MgO–CaO mixed oxide phases. This study demonstrated a greener process for producing DMC under mild conditions using metal-doped CaO catalysts derived from eggshell waste.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Valorization of eggshell waste to metal-doped CaO catalysts for producing dimethyl carbonate by transesterification of propylene carbonate with methanol

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • Panpailin Seeharaj,
  • Sakila Werupho,
  • Araya Puyamsai,
  • Nathawut Choengchan,
  • Pattaraporn Kim-Lohsoontorn,
  • Jutarat Prachayawarakorn

摘要

To align with a circular economy, this study aimed to extend the lifecycle of eggshell waste by valorizing it into a catalyst for producing the green chemical dimethyl carbonate (DMC) through the transesterification of propylene carbonate (PC) with methanol. CaO derived from eggshells was modified by doping with 10 mol% of aliovalent metal cations, including Na+, Mg2+, and Ce3+, via a calcination-hydration-dehydration process. The catalyst activity was tested under atmospheric air at 40–70 °C for 1–3 h. Metal-doped CaO possessed better activity than pure CaO, and the performance was ranked in order as CaO < Na–CaO < Ce–CaO < Mg–CaO. At the optimized reaction conditions of 50 °C for 2 h, the Mg–CaO catalyst exhibited the best performance, with 77% PC conversion, 62% DMC selectivity, and 37% DMC yield. This improvement correlated with the high surface-active area and optimum basicity induced by incorporating Mg2+ into the CaO structure and forming MgO–CaO mixed oxide phases. This study demonstrated a greener process for producing DMC under mild conditions using metal-doped CaO catalysts derived from eggshell waste.

Graphical abstract