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<p>In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles were synthesized using the ethanolic extract of <i>Nyctanthes arbor-tristis</i> flower as a green-capping agent. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyses revealed the presence of ester, carbonyl, hydroxyl, and acidic functional groups in the extract. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of the anatase phase with an average crystallite size of 5.46&#xa0;nm. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis provided mesoporous structure with surface area 100.256 m<sup>2</sup>/g and pore diameter 5.6&#xa0;nm, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (<i>EIS</i>) analysis recorded charge transfer resistance 20.87 Ω, charge collection efficiency 32.91%, and electron lifetime 0.112&#xa0;ms, respectively, whereas high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed particle size of 9.5&#xa0;nm for the capped TiO<sub>2</sub>. Consequently, an enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency of 2.53% under 100 mW cm⁻<sup>2</sup> illumination was observed for the capped TiO<sub>2</sub> photoanode sensitized with N719 dye, over the 0.49% obtained with the un-capped TiO<sub>2</sub>. The results demonstrate that the phytochemicals present in the <i>N. arbor-tristis</i> extract effectively capped and stabilized TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, thereby enhancing its efficacy, when used as DSSC photoanode.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Titanium (IV) oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Nyctanthes arbor-tristis extract for enhanced photovoltaic performance in dye-sensitized solar cell

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月25日

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  • Shubham Sharma,
  • Sakshi Singh,
  • Yoganand Singh,
  • Priyanshi Singh,
  • Pankaj Srivastava

摘要

In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were synthesized using the ethanolic extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis flower as a green-capping agent. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyses revealed the presence of ester, carbonyl, hydroxyl, and acidic functional groups in the extract. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of the anatase phase with an average crystallite size of 5.46 nm. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis provided mesoporous structure with surface area 100.256 m2/g and pore diameter 5.6 nm, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis recorded charge transfer resistance 20.87 Ω, charge collection efficiency 32.91%, and electron lifetime 0.112 ms, respectively, whereas high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed particle size of 9.5 nm for the capped TiO2. Consequently, an enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency of 2.53% under 100 mW cm⁻2 illumination was observed for the capped TiO2 photoanode sensitized with N719 dye, over the 0.49% obtained with the un-capped TiO2. The results demonstrate that the phytochemicals present in the N. arbor-tristis extract effectively capped and stabilized TiO2 nanoparticles, thereby enhancing its efficacy, when used as DSSC photoanode.

Graphical abstract