<p>A highly sustainable, rapid, and efficient protocol for the synthesis of isoxazolone, pyrazolone and pyranopyrazole analogs catalyzed by an aqueous extract of <i>Areca catechu</i> L. (<i>Areca nut</i>) at room temperature has been reported. An aqueous extract of <i>Areca catechu</i> L. is rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and triterpenes, serves as a green, reusable alternative which eliminates the need for hazardous or metal-based reagents for activation of carbonyl group as well as stabilization of enolate. <i>Areca nut</i> is cost-effective and easily available, which is more advantageous than other green catalyst. The present reactions proceeded smoothly affording the desired products in good to excellent yields. The present method demonstrated several green chemistry advantages including operational simplicity, short reaction time, minimal release of waste, and catalyst recyclability. The given catalyst exhibits remarkable efficiency, enabling the synthesis of a wide range of structurally diverse heterocyclic compounds which are synthesized under mild acidic conditions.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Aqueous extract of Areca nut as a sustainable and highly efficient green catalyst for the synthesis of pyrazole and isoxazolone derivatives

  • Amol K. Kharde,
  • Vinod R. Kadu,
  • Somnath S. Gholap

摘要

A highly sustainable, rapid, and efficient protocol for the synthesis of isoxazolone, pyrazolone and pyranopyrazole analogs catalyzed by an aqueous extract of Areca catechu L. (Areca nut) at room temperature has been reported. An aqueous extract of Areca catechu L. is rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and triterpenes, serves as a green, reusable alternative which eliminates the need for hazardous or metal-based reagents for activation of carbonyl group as well as stabilization of enolate. Areca nut is cost-effective and easily available, which is more advantageous than other green catalyst. The present reactions proceeded smoothly affording the desired products in good to excellent yields. The present method demonstrated several green chemistry advantages including operational simplicity, short reaction time, minimal release of waste, and catalyst recyclability. The given catalyst exhibits remarkable efficiency, enabling the synthesis of a wide range of structurally diverse heterocyclic compounds which are synthesized under mild acidic conditions.

Graphical abstract