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<p>A novel and environmentally benign solid catalyst was successfully synthesized through hydrothermal treatment of rice husks with phosphoric acid for the efficient production of levulinic acid from fructose. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized catalyst were investigated using nitrogen physisorption, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, potentiometric titration, temperature-programmed reduction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Batch reactions for the transformation of fructose into levulinic acid were carried out in a high-pressure Parr reactor under controlled conditions. The experiments were performed within a temperature range of 130–170&#xa0;°C and over reaction times spanning from 1 to 7&#xa0;h. Aqueous fructose solutions at concentrations between 5 and 20&#xa0;wt% were tested using a fructose-to-catalyst mass ratio between 2.8 and 11.1, with the system pressurized to 10&#xa0;bar using nitrogen to maintain an inert atmosphere and suppress undesired side reactions. The catalytic system demonstrated high efficiency in promoting the acid-catalyzed dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, followed by its subsequent rehydration to levulinic acid. The results showed that a maximum levulinic acid yield of 55% was achieved under optimal conditions: a 10&#xa0;wt% fructose concentration, a fructose-to-catalyst mass ratio of 3.7, a reaction temperature of 150&#xa0;°C, and a reaction time of 5&#xa0;h.</p>

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One-pot conversion of fructose to levulinic acid over hydrothermally treated carbon from rice husk: adjustment of operating parameters

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月27日

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  • Natalia S. Veizaga,
  • Gabriel L. M. Pestana Cartaya,
  • M. Florencia Azcoaga Chort,
  • Javier M. Grau,
  • Virginia I. Rodríguez

摘要

A novel and environmentally benign solid catalyst was successfully synthesized through hydrothermal treatment of rice husks with phosphoric acid for the efficient production of levulinic acid from fructose. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized catalyst were investigated using nitrogen physisorption, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, potentiometric titration, temperature-programmed reduction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Batch reactions for the transformation of fructose into levulinic acid were carried out in a high-pressure Parr reactor under controlled conditions. The experiments were performed within a temperature range of 130–170 °C and over reaction times spanning from 1 to 7 h. Aqueous fructose solutions at concentrations between 5 and 20 wt% were tested using a fructose-to-catalyst mass ratio between 2.8 and 11.1, with the system pressurized to 10 bar using nitrogen to maintain an inert atmosphere and suppress undesired side reactions. The catalytic system demonstrated high efficiency in promoting the acid-catalyzed dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, followed by its subsequent rehydration to levulinic acid. The results showed that a maximum levulinic acid yield of 55% was achieved under optimal conditions: a 10 wt% fructose concentration, a fructose-to-catalyst mass ratio of 3.7, a reaction temperature of 150 °C, and a reaction time of 5 h.