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<p>A simple synthetic method was developed to fabricate three transition metals (M = Ni, Cu, and Zn) doped α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalysts via a solvothermal approach eliminating the need for a precipitation agent. The synthesized nanocatalysts were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDS, and UV–Vis techniques, and their activity was optimized for the <i>N</i>-formylation of aniline under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. A study of surface morphology revealed that we successfully prepared microspheres of α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Ni–Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Cu–Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and Zn–Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. All forms doped represented higher catalytic activity compared to the pristine α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, due to a synergistic effect resulting from the presence of transition metals along with Fe. Among all the as-synthesized doped catalysts, Cu–Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> showed the highest activity due to the greater electronegativity of Cu compared to that of Ni or Zn. Thus, Cu–Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocatalyst was selected for the chemoselective transformation of various amines to the corresponding formamides as a sole product (average reaction time: 14&#xa0;min, average conversion: 90%, average TOF: 0.42&#xa0;min<sup>–1</sup>). Finally, the catalyst could be reused for up to six runs without notable decrease in its activity.</p>

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Synthesis and evaluation of the catalytic activity of Ni, Cu, and Zn-doped α-Fe2O3 microspheres for N-formylation of aromatic amines

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月28日

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  • Reza Pourfaraj,
  • Sayed Yahya Kazemi,
  • Pourya Biparva,
  • Hoda Khasayesi

摘要

A simple synthetic method was developed to fabricate three transition metals (M = Ni, Cu, and Zn) doped α-Fe2O3 catalysts via a solvothermal approach eliminating the need for a precipitation agent. The synthesized nanocatalysts were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDS, and UV–Vis techniques, and their activity was optimized for the N-formylation of aniline under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. A study of surface morphology revealed that we successfully prepared microspheres of α-Fe2O3, Ni–Fe2O3, Cu–Fe2O3, and Zn–Fe2O3. All forms doped represented higher catalytic activity compared to the pristine α-Fe2O3, due to a synergistic effect resulting from the presence of transition metals along with Fe. Among all the as-synthesized doped catalysts, Cu–Fe2O3 showed the highest activity due to the greater electronegativity of Cu compared to that of Ni or Zn. Thus, Cu–Fe2O3 nanocatalyst was selected for the chemoselective transformation of various amines to the corresponding formamides as a sole product (average reaction time: 14 min, average conversion: 90%, average TOF: 0.42 min–1). Finally, the catalyst could be reused for up to six runs without notable decrease in its activity.