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<p>This study reports the successful synthesis of a lanthanum triflate-supported alumina (LT/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) catalyst for the production of mannose carbonate via the alcoholysis of urea and D-mannose. This bifunctional catalytic system enables a solvent-free, one-pot process at a moderate temperature (140&#xa0;°C), achieving high yields of mannose carbonate (69–96%) with reduced side product formation compared to conventional methods. The catalyst demonstrated a synergistic effect between the strong Lewis acid sites of La<sup>3</sup>⁺ and the high surface area of the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> support, leading to enhanced catalytic performance relative to unsupported lanthanum triflate. A novel synthetic pathway was proposed based on compound identification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), using spectral matching with reference mass spectral libraries. Catalyst recyclability was evaluated over five consecutive reaction cycles, with the regenerated catalyst maintaining activity and achieving an 86.54% yield through the fourth cycle. Additionally, the gasoline-mannose carbonate blend exhibited a lower maximum exhaust temperature (430&#xa0;°C) compared to commercial gasoline (470&#xa0;°C), indicating improved thermal efficiency attributed to the blend’s reduced viscosity. The blend also demonstrated a superior cooling effect and was able to maintain the lubricant oil at 115&#xa0;°C compared to 123&#xa0;°C with commercial gasoline, further supporting its potential as an energy-efficient fuel additive.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Advancing sustainable biofuel additive production via urea-carbonylated mannose over lanthanum triflate supported on aluminum oxide catalysts

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月19日

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  • Anisah Sajidah Saud,
  • Muhammad Sheraz Ahmad,
  • Venkata Rao Madduluri,
  • Gaanty Pragas Maniam,
  • Mohd Hasbi Ab Rahim

摘要

This study reports the successful synthesis of a lanthanum triflate-supported alumina (LT/Al2O3) catalyst for the production of mannose carbonate via the alcoholysis of urea and D-mannose. This bifunctional catalytic system enables a solvent-free, one-pot process at a moderate temperature (140 °C), achieving high yields of mannose carbonate (69–96%) with reduced side product formation compared to conventional methods. The catalyst demonstrated a synergistic effect between the strong Lewis acid sites of La3⁺ and the high surface area of the Al2O3 support, leading to enhanced catalytic performance relative to unsupported lanthanum triflate. A novel synthetic pathway was proposed based on compound identification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), using spectral matching with reference mass spectral libraries. Catalyst recyclability was evaluated over five consecutive reaction cycles, with the regenerated catalyst maintaining activity and achieving an 86.54% yield through the fourth cycle. Additionally, the gasoline-mannose carbonate blend exhibited a lower maximum exhaust temperature (430 °C) compared to commercial gasoline (470 °C), indicating improved thermal efficiency attributed to the blend’s reduced viscosity. The blend also demonstrated a superior cooling effect and was able to maintain the lubricant oil at 115 °C compared to 123 °C with commercial gasoline, further supporting its potential as an energy-efficient fuel additive.

Graphical abstract