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<p>In this study, we report a sustainable and efficient method for synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with precisely controlled sizes and shapes using the aqueous extract of&#xa0;<i>Xanthium strumarium</i>&#xa0;(AEX) as a green reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesis was carried out via a photoinduced process under solar irradiation, and monitored through UV–vis spectroscopy, which displayed a distinct peak at 531&#xa0;nm after 15 min of sunlight exposure. Key synthesis parameters, including sunlight exposure duration, AEX volume, and HAuCl<sub>4</sub>.xH<sub>2</sub>O concentration, were systematically optimized to achieve the desired nanoparticle properties. The resulting AuNPs were comprehensively characterized using HR-TEM, XRD, FTIR, and XPS analyses. HR-TEM revealed that the AuNPs ranged in size from 11.1 to 99.5&#xa0;nm, with their morphology influenced by increasing HAuCl<sub>4</sub>.xH<sub>2</sub>O concentrations from 0.4 to 2.8&#xa0;mM. XRD confirmed the crystalline structure of the nanoparticles, while FTIR demonstrated the involvement of polyphenolic compounds from AEX in reducing and stabilizing the AuNPs. XPS analysis further validated the presence of pure metallic gold through characteristic peaks at 86.7 and 89.2&#xa0;eV. Additionally, the synthesized AuNPs exhibited remarkable peroxidase-like activity, enabling their application in the colourimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). This novel approach not only provides an eco-friendly synthesis route but also highlights the potential of these green-synthesized AuNPs for biosensing applications.</p>

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Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Xanthium strumarium extract: photoinduced fabrication, characterization, and biosensing applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月15日

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  • Vijay Kumar,
  • Mohammad Shariq,
  • Dalal Alhashmialameer,
  • Khalid A. Alrashidi,
  • Noha Al-Qasmi,
  • Mona Mohammad AlAmri,
  • Raha Osailan,
  • Amal BaQais,
  • Thoraya M. Elhelali

摘要

In this study, we report a sustainable and efficient method for synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with precisely controlled sizes and shapes using the aqueous extract of Xanthium strumarium (AEX) as a green reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesis was carried out via a photoinduced process under solar irradiation, and monitored through UV–vis spectroscopy, which displayed a distinct peak at 531 nm after 15 min of sunlight exposure. Key synthesis parameters, including sunlight exposure duration, AEX volume, and HAuCl4.xH2O concentration, were systematically optimized to achieve the desired nanoparticle properties. The resulting AuNPs were comprehensively characterized using HR-TEM, XRD, FTIR, and XPS analyses. HR-TEM revealed that the AuNPs ranged in size from 11.1 to 99.5 nm, with their morphology influenced by increasing HAuCl4.xH2O concentrations from 0.4 to 2.8 mM. XRD confirmed the crystalline structure of the nanoparticles, while FTIR demonstrated the involvement of polyphenolic compounds from AEX in reducing and stabilizing the AuNPs. XPS analysis further validated the presence of pure metallic gold through characteristic peaks at 86.7 and 89.2 eV. Additionally, the synthesized AuNPs exhibited remarkable peroxidase-like activity, enabling their application in the colourimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This novel approach not only provides an eco-friendly synthesis route but also highlights the potential of these green-synthesized AuNPs for biosensing applications.