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<p>The global community is grappling with a pressing concern: The dwindling availability of unpolluted water sources. Human endeavours have led to the degradation of pure water, aggravating this crisis. In the current study, Eu and La co-doped SnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a simple wet-chemical method. XRD analysis reveals the increased micro-strain and dislocation density of the composite sample when compared with pure SnO<sub>2</sub>. HRTEM of the composite sample evidenced a rice-like morphology with an average particle size of 14.49&#xa0;nm. Chemical states of Sn, O, Eu and La were obtained from XPS analysis. The Raman spectra further confirm the formation of tetragonal SnO<sub>2</sub>. The band gap of SnO<sub>2</sub> reduced from 2.12 to 1.90&#xa0;eV when co-doped with Eu and La. Consequently, the resulting Eu and La co-doped SnO<sub>2</sub> degraded 83% and 99.6% of the crystal violet dye under visible light and UV light, respectively, as compared to SnO<sub>2</sub>, Eu-doped SnO<sub>2</sub> and La-doped SnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles under visible and UV light irradiations. These co-doped Eu and La co-doped SnO<sub>2</sub> nanostructures prepared as such can be exploited for the development of UV–Visible driven photocatalysts in the domain of environmental remediation.</p>

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Role of Eu and La co-doping on SnO2 photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of crystal violet dye

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月15日

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  • S. Shabna,
  • S. Sahaya Jude Dhas,
  • N. Sheeja,
  • S. Esther Gandhimathi,
  • Sivakumar Aswathappa,
  • C. S. Biju,
  • Abdulrahman I. Almansour

摘要

The global community is grappling with a pressing concern: The dwindling availability of unpolluted water sources. Human endeavours have led to the degradation of pure water, aggravating this crisis. In the current study, Eu and La co-doped SnO2 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a simple wet-chemical method. XRD analysis reveals the increased micro-strain and dislocation density of the composite sample when compared with pure SnO2. HRTEM of the composite sample evidenced a rice-like morphology with an average particle size of 14.49 nm. Chemical states of Sn, O, Eu and La were obtained from XPS analysis. The Raman spectra further confirm the formation of tetragonal SnO2. The band gap of SnO2 reduced from 2.12 to 1.90 eV when co-doped with Eu and La. Consequently, the resulting Eu and La co-doped SnO2 degraded 83% and 99.6% of the crystal violet dye under visible light and UV light, respectively, as compared to SnO2, Eu-doped SnO2 and La-doped SnO2 nanoparticles under visible and UV light irradiations. These co-doped Eu and La co-doped SnO2 nanostructures prepared as such can be exploited for the development of UV–Visible driven photocatalysts in the domain of environmental remediation.