Synthesis of benzo[a]furo[2, 3-c]phenazine derivatives via microwave irradiation by catalyzed Fe₃O₄@MCM-48@IL/Pd for high-performance removal of rhodamine B and determination of losartan using modified glassy carbon electrode

In this paper, a novel magnetic mesoporous Fe₃O₄@MCM-48@IL/Pd has been used as a reusable for the four-component microwave-assisted synthesis of benzo[a]furo[2,3-c] phenazine derivatives. The active nanocatalyst was obtained for the one-pot synthesis of various benzo[a]furo[2,3-c] phenazine derivatives in excellent efficiency in solvent-free conditions, which was characterized by excellent separation and recyclability. The size, surface charge, superparamagnetic properties, crystalline structure, and surface functional groups of nanoparticles were characterized and carried out utilizing several techniques such as X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), value stream mapping (VSM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and TGA. The behavior of nanoparticle-modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The modified electrode has been successfully used for the determination of losartan (LOS) in real samples. The magnetic catalyst was used during six consecutive cycles without significant loss of activity in the degradation of rhodamine B under optimal conditions.