g-C₃N₄/Fe₂O₃/ZIF-8 catalyst for the synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives via Hantzsch reaction

Designing effective catalysts for the construction of heterocyclic valuable compounds with low cost and recyclability is an essential issue. Herein, g-C₃N₄/Fe₂O₃/ZIF-8 composite is successfully produced by a straightforward technique in three steps. The constructed hybrid material was utilized as a promising nanocatalyst in the production of polyhydroquinoline derivatives with excellent yields between 88 and 98% in the absence of solvent at 60 °C (10 mg catalyst loading within 5–20 min). Owing to the synergy of acidic sites (ZIF-8) and basic sites (C₃N₄), g-C₃N₄/Fe₂O₃/ZIF-8 displayed exceptional catalytic activity. Moreover, g-C₃N₄/Fe₂O₃/ZIF-8 has exhibited recyclability for five runs.