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<p>Stock assessment models are simplifications of a stock’s population dynamics. One commonly simplified component of population dynamics is natural mortality, which refers to all components of mortality that are not attributed to harvest, including predation, starvation, disease, and senescence. Although recent modeling advances have improved our ability to estimate natural mortality, most research has focused on either estimating aggregate natural mortality or predation mortality rates, while continuing to simplify other components. We contend that starvation-induced mortality, particularly for mature marine animals, represents an overlooked component of natural mortality and should be more frequently considered when developing scientific advice for ecosystem-based fisheries management. To defend this contention, we (1) describe marine animal energy maintenance and when starvation may be important, (2) highlight three case studies where starvation-induced mortality of mature animals may have affected population dynamics, (3) describe methods for measuring and estimating starvation to improve ecosystem-based fisheries management, and (4) describe how starvation risks may increase with climate change. Overall, improving stock assessment modeling requires that we continually reassess whether model simplifications are sufficient to estimate how populations are changing in support of fisheries management.</p>

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Hungry like the fish: evidence and implications of starvation mortality on marine animal population dynamics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Matthew D. Robertson,
  • Noel G. Cadigan,
  • Tyler D. Eddy,
  • Erika J. Eliason

摘要

Stock assessment models are simplifications of a stock’s population dynamics. One commonly simplified component of population dynamics is natural mortality, which refers to all components of mortality that are not attributed to harvest, including predation, starvation, disease, and senescence. Although recent modeling advances have improved our ability to estimate natural mortality, most research has focused on either estimating aggregate natural mortality or predation mortality rates, while continuing to simplify other components. We contend that starvation-induced mortality, particularly for mature marine animals, represents an overlooked component of natural mortality and should be more frequently considered when developing scientific advice for ecosystem-based fisheries management. To defend this contention, we (1) describe marine animal energy maintenance and when starvation may be important, (2) highlight three case studies where starvation-induced mortality of mature animals may have affected population dynamics, (3) describe methods for measuring and estimating starvation to improve ecosystem-based fisheries management, and (4) describe how starvation risks may increase with climate change. Overall, improving stock assessment modeling requires that we continually reassess whether model simplifications are sufficient to estimate how populations are changing in support of fisheries management.