Unequal Turnout and Political Equality
摘要
Electoral turnout is socially unequal. The better off an elector is—in terms of wealth, income, and education—the more likely that elector is to exercise her right to vote. Empirical evidence indicates that such social inequality in turnout is one, though not the only, cause of the disproportional political influence wielded by the most well-off electors at the expense of less advantaged electors in many democracies. It is sometimes claimed that the inequality of political influence caused by unequal turnout violates the value of political equality. This article argues that this is not so. While unequal turnout does cause inequality in the political influence of groups, it does not cause any inequality in the political influence of individuals, and only inter-individual inequality of political influence violates the value of political equality. Thus, unequal turnout does not cause the sort of inequality of political influence that violates the value of political equality.