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Abstract <p>Coastal wetlands are increasingly threatened by environmental pollutants, exposing native halophytes to complex abiotic stresses such as salinity, heavy metals, and nutrient overload. <i>Suaeda salsa</i>, a salt-tolerant euhalophyte widely distributed in these regions, has emerged as a model for studying plant adaptations to pollutant stress. This review summarizes recent progress on its physiological and molecular responses to environmental challenges.Pollutant exposure induces the reprogramming of primary metabolism—including carbon, nitrogen, lipid, and organic acid pathways—to support energy production and osmotic homeostasis. Simultaneously, <i>S. salsa</i> activates an antioxidant system comprising enzymatic (e.g., SOD, APX, GR) and non-enzymatic (e.g., ascorbate, glutathione, flavonoids) components to scavenge reactive oxygen species and regulate redox balance. These metabolic processes are modulated by interconnected signaling networks involving hormones (ABA, JA, SA), calcium and ROS signaling, and MAPK cascades. Downstream transcription factors such as WRKY, bZIP, and MYB mediate stress-responsive gene expression.Together, these signaling–metabolism feedbacks constitute an integrated regulatory framework conferring resilience under multifactorial stress. This review also highlights future directions involving multi-omics integration and gene-editing technologies to accelerate the functional exploration and ecological application of <i>S. salsa</i> in phytoremediation and saline agriculture.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p> <p>Core regulatory modules in pollutant stress adaptation of <i>Suaeda salsa</i>.</p>

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Physiological response and metabolic regulation of pollutant stress in Suaeda salsa: a review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Peize Guan,
  • Peijing Kuang,
  • Ke Zhao,
  • Hongxuan Qi,
  • Yubo Cui

摘要

Abstract

Coastal wetlands are increasingly threatened by environmental pollutants, exposing native halophytes to complex abiotic stresses such as salinity, heavy metals, and nutrient overload. Suaeda salsa, a salt-tolerant euhalophyte widely distributed in these regions, has emerged as a model for studying plant adaptations to pollutant stress. This review summarizes recent progress on its physiological and molecular responses to environmental challenges.Pollutant exposure induces the reprogramming of primary metabolism—including carbon, nitrogen, lipid, and organic acid pathways—to support energy production and osmotic homeostasis. Simultaneously, S. salsa activates an antioxidant system comprising enzymatic (e.g., SOD, APX, GR) and non-enzymatic (e.g., ascorbate, glutathione, flavonoids) components to scavenge reactive oxygen species and regulate redox balance. These metabolic processes are modulated by interconnected signaling networks involving hormones (ABA, JA, SA), calcium and ROS signaling, and MAPK cascades. Downstream transcription factors such as WRKY, bZIP, and MYB mediate stress-responsive gene expression.Together, these signaling–metabolism feedbacks constitute an integrated regulatory framework conferring resilience under multifactorial stress. This review also highlights future directions involving multi-omics integration and gene-editing technologies to accelerate the functional exploration and ecological application of S. salsa in phytoremediation and saline agriculture.

Graphical abstract

Core regulatory modules in pollutant stress adaptation of Suaeda salsa.