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<p>Photovoltaic power generation is playing an increasingly prominent role in the global energy transition, and the rapid expansion of photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) has raised growing concerns regarding their ecological impacts. This research presents a comprehensive review of the ecological effects of PVPPs from atmosphere, soil, hydrology, and biodiversity. In the atmosphere, PVPPs contribute to the regulation of microclimates, increasing surface albedo from 0.22 to 0.24, reducing the annual mean temperature by 0.32&#xa0;°C/TWh of generated electricity. In the soil environment, PVPPs increase available soil phosphorus and pH levels, and indirectly promote carbon fixation through vegetation restoration and optimized land utilization. Concurrently, PVPP deployment significantly increased the soil organic carbon concentration to 1.20&#xa0;g&#xa0;kg<sup>–1</sup>. In hydrology, PVPPs alter local hydrological cycles by reducing wind speed, intercepting rainfall, and increasing surface runoff. At the biodiversity level, PVPPs enhance avian diversity while simultaneously increasing plant species richness and improving microbial resilience. Notably, PVPP implementation at a coverage of 27.00–33.00% modifies habitats, resulting in a 116.70% increase in plant species richness and a 68.70% increase in aboveground biomass. This research offers valuable insights for ecosystem protection, land management, and the advancement of policy-making strategies, thereby promoting sustainable development and ecological conservation.</p>

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Ecological impacts of photovoltaic power plants: from perspective of atmosphere, soil, hydrology, and biodiversity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月2日

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  • Han Cui,
  • Jianxin Yang,
  • Bin Lv,
  • Ning Ding

摘要

Photovoltaic power generation is playing an increasingly prominent role in the global energy transition, and the rapid expansion of photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) has raised growing concerns regarding their ecological impacts. This research presents a comprehensive review of the ecological effects of PVPPs from atmosphere, soil, hydrology, and biodiversity. In the atmosphere, PVPPs contribute to the regulation of microclimates, increasing surface albedo from 0.22 to 0.24, reducing the annual mean temperature by 0.32 °C/TWh of generated electricity. In the soil environment, PVPPs increase available soil phosphorus and pH levels, and indirectly promote carbon fixation through vegetation restoration and optimized land utilization. Concurrently, PVPP deployment significantly increased the soil organic carbon concentration to 1.20 g kg–1. In hydrology, PVPPs alter local hydrological cycles by reducing wind speed, intercepting rainfall, and increasing surface runoff. At the biodiversity level, PVPPs enhance avian diversity while simultaneously increasing plant species richness and improving microbial resilience. Notably, PVPP implementation at a coverage of 27.00–33.00% modifies habitats, resulting in a 116.70% increase in plant species richness and a 68.70% increase in aboveground biomass. This research offers valuable insights for ecosystem protection, land management, and the advancement of policy-making strategies, thereby promoting sustainable development and ecological conservation.