<p>Bacteria have developed specific mechanisms to survive under various terrestrial and aquatic habitats, through combating the challenges posed on account of numerous physical forces and stresses principally occurred due to the circulation of fluid flow and surrounding pressure as well as surface contact. To overcome the fluid shear, bacteria often live as assemblages within the matrix, termed biofilms, which is a significant mode of microbial life. One of the established purpose is to decipher how the evolution of multi-cellularity conferred fitness advantage. Investigation into the formation of biofilm have uncovered their remarkable complexity comprising diversity in both composition of resident species and phenotypic traits. In the biofilm development process, several environmental factors, such as nutrients, pH, and oxygen, play a significant role in bacterial phenotypes. Cellular components of bacteria allow them to sense and react to different mechanical stimuli to optimize their function, eventually enhancing bacterial overall fitness. Bacterial cytoskeleton proteins such as FtsZ, MreB, RodZ, MinC, MinD, and MinE present in several bacteria, such as <i>Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> have been shown to be responsible for changing and maintaining the phenotypic form of these bacteria as a response to different environmental factors or stressors. The differential expression of these cytoskeletal proteins help to alter the cell shape and size, leading to pleomorphism. This review entails how the pleomorphism of bacteria within a community influences the cooperative as well as competitive inter-cellular and intra-cellular interactions that regulate the biofilm formation and function. Furthermore, the review highlights the role of local environmental niches in phenotypic switching, to develop stabilized biofilm for environmental and biomedical applications.</p>