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<p>In 1990, Egypt started structural economic reforms that aimed at following the track of a market-oriented economy rather than its earlier four-decade state-directed economy. As a result, there was a need to reconsider the role of government in this economic system. One of the most critical questions was how the government would be able to develop a competitive market where government-business policies are fair and just, access by new market participants is not excessively risky, exit from the market is not a source of distortion, and consumers’ access to more choices and better products is maintained. The outcome of the debate on this question was the adoption of the Egyptian Competition Law No. 3 of 2005, which first established the Egyptian Competition Authority (ECA). This paper revisits the political economy circumstances in which the ECA evolved, including analysis that draws on the interaction between pushes by global institutions and complexities surrounding the national practices.</p>

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Globalized Agencification Versus National Complexities: The Story of Egypt’s Competition Authority

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月13日

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  • Eslam Soliman

摘要

In 1990, Egypt started structural economic reforms that aimed at following the track of a market-oriented economy rather than its earlier four-decade state-directed economy. As a result, there was a need to reconsider the role of government in this economic system. One of the most critical questions was how the government would be able to develop a competitive market where government-business policies are fair and just, access by new market participants is not excessively risky, exit from the market is not a source of distortion, and consumers’ access to more choices and better products is maintained. The outcome of the debate on this question was the adoption of the Egyptian Competition Law No. 3 of 2005, which first established the Egyptian Competition Authority (ECA). This paper revisits the political economy circumstances in which the ECA evolved, including analysis that draws on the interaction between pushes by global institutions and complexities surrounding the national practices.