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<p>In early-level handwriting education, systematic and consistent assessment is essential for identifying specific issues in children’s handwriting legibility. It facilitates the introduction of effective teaching strategies tailored to those issues. Many Indic scripts, including Odia, lack standardized instruments for assessing the legibility of children’s handwritten text thoroughly. Therefore, this study developed a systematic assessment tool for the Odia script, called the Odia Handwriting Evaluation Tool (OHET), for children between 5 and 7 years of age. The development of the tool was guided by anatomical features of Odia letterforms, teachers’ perceptions of Odia handwriting proficiency, and typographic factors of children’s Odia handwriting legibility. OHET was administered to 140 native Odia-speaking children (M<sub>age</sub> = 5.83, SD = 0.74) to examine its psychometric properties. Content validity was assessed through item–objective congruence (IOC) values, and construct validity was tested using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Cronbach’s alpha (<i>α</i>) measure was used to examine internal consistency, while inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were assessed through the computation of intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficients. Results indicated satisfactory content validity (IOC &gt; 0.6), adequate construct validity, excellent internal consistency (<i>α</i> &gt; 0.85), and strong intra- and inter-rater reliability (ICC &gt; 0.8), establishing initial evidence of OHET as a promising instrument for systematically assessing Odia handwriting. The study concludes with recommendations for instructional strategies based on OHET to enhance children’s handwriting legibility in the Odia script.</p>

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Development and validation of the Odia handwriting evaluation tool (OHET) for lower primary school children

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月3日

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  • Arnav Kumar Tripathy,
  • Subir Dey

摘要

In early-level handwriting education, systematic and consistent assessment is essential for identifying specific issues in children’s handwriting legibility. It facilitates the introduction of effective teaching strategies tailored to those issues. Many Indic scripts, including Odia, lack standardized instruments for assessing the legibility of children’s handwritten text thoroughly. Therefore, this study developed a systematic assessment tool for the Odia script, called the Odia Handwriting Evaluation Tool (OHET), for children between 5 and 7 years of age. The development of the tool was guided by anatomical features of Odia letterforms, teachers’ perceptions of Odia handwriting proficiency, and typographic factors of children’s Odia handwriting legibility. OHET was administered to 140 native Odia-speaking children (Mage = 5.83, SD = 0.74) to examine its psychometric properties. Content validity was assessed through item–objective congruence (IOC) values, and construct validity was tested using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Cronbach’s alpha (α) measure was used to examine internal consistency, while inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were assessed through the computation of intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficients. Results indicated satisfactory content validity (IOC > 0.6), adequate construct validity, excellent internal consistency (α > 0.85), and strong intra- and inter-rater reliability (ICC > 0.8), establishing initial evidence of OHET as a promising instrument for systematically assessing Odia handwriting. The study concludes with recommendations for instructional strategies based on OHET to enhance children’s handwriting legibility in the Odia script.