<p>This study investigates the multifaceted and layered nature of social behavior strategies in second language (L2) writing. Conducted across six Chinese universities, the study utilized a robust sample of first-year students and employed a comprehensive questionnaire adapted from established instruments. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, with particular attention to the comparison between three conceptual models—unidimensional, higher-order, and bi-factor models. Results indicated that the bi-factor model best fit our data, suggesting that social behavior strategies should be viewed in two-fold aspects: a general aspect, including the general factor of social behavior strategies measured by specific strategies in context, and a dual aspect of behavior-related and context-relevant strategies explained by the corresponding indicators. This underscores the necessity for a holistic representation of social behavior strategies, incorporating both general and specific factors. The study contributes theoretically by proposing a more inclusive model and methodologically by advocating the use of bi-factor models in L2 writing context. Limitations are acknowledged, with suggestions for future research directions to enhance the understanding and application of social behavior strategies in L2 writing context.</p>