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<p>This study investigates the removal of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) from aqueous solutions using scoria as a natural iron source in the Fenton process. The scoria was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine its elemental composition and crystalline structure. The effects of key operational parameters, including initial pH, hydrogen peroxide concentration, scoria dosage (0.1–1&#xa0;g L⁻<sup>1</sup>), HCQ concentration (5–25&#xa0;mg L⁻<sup>1</sup>), and reaction temperature, were systematically evaluated. Under optimal conditions (HCQ = 10&#xa0;mg L⁻<sup>1</sup>, [H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>] = 13&#xa0;mM, scoria dosage = 0.5&#xa0;g L⁻<sup>1</sup>, and temperature = 24&#xa0;°C), a maximum removal efficiency of 98% was achieved. Kinetic analysis indicated that the degradation followed a pseudo-second-order model. These findings demonstrate that scoria is an effective and low-cost catalyst for Fenton-based degradation of pharmaceutical contaminants in water.</p>

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Exploring raw scoria as an iron catalyst for Fenton-based degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants: kinetic and mechanistic insights

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Amel Hamadi,
  • Fayçal Finnouche,
  • Hiba Kais,
  • Zohra Bensaadi-Ouznadji,
  • Nacera Yeddou-Mezenner

摘要

This study investigates the removal of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) from aqueous solutions using scoria as a natural iron source in the Fenton process. The scoria was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine its elemental composition and crystalline structure. The effects of key operational parameters, including initial pH, hydrogen peroxide concentration, scoria dosage (0.1–1 g L⁻1), HCQ concentration (5–25 mg L⁻1), and reaction temperature, were systematically evaluated. Under optimal conditions (HCQ = 10 mg L⁻1, [H2O2] = 13 mM, scoria dosage = 0.5 g L⁻1, and temperature = 24 °C), a maximum removal efficiency of 98% was achieved. Kinetic analysis indicated that the degradation followed a pseudo-second-order model. These findings demonstrate that scoria is an effective and low-cost catalyst for Fenton-based degradation of pharmaceutical contaminants in water.