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<p>Nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon dots (N/P-CD) were successfully synthesized via a facile and controllable electrochemical exfoliation strategy. In this approach, heteroatom doping is achieved through electrolyte engineering. Compared with conventional high-temperature or multistep synthetic methods, this strategy enables precise regulation of nitrogen and phosphorus incorporation simply by tuning the electrolyte composition, thereby providing an effective platform for the controllable modulation of the electronic structure of carbon dots. The electrocatalytic performance of N/P-CD toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was systematically evaluated in alkaline media. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between nitrogen and phosphorus dopants, the catalyst exhibits significantly enhanced intrinsic activity. Specifically, compared with undoped carbon dots, the onset potential and half-wave potential are positively shifted by 142&#xa0;mV and 141&#xa0;mV. Moreover, compared with the singly doped samples (N-CD and P-CD), N/P-CD exhibits a higher onset potential (0.86&#xa0;V) and half-wave potential (0.76&#xa0;V), demonstrating electrocatalytic activity comparable to that of the commercial Pt/C electrode. N/P-CD also demonstrated excellent electrochemical stability, as no significant shift in the CV curves was observed after 5,000 cycles, indicating the outstanding stability of the material. This study demonstrates that N/P-CD, as a low-cost and non-precious metal ORR electrocatalyst, shows promising potential in alkaline oxygen reduction systems and can serve as a scalable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional Pt-based catalytic systems.</p>

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Synergistic optimization of carbon dot electronic structure via N, P co-doping for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalytic performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Min Sun,
  • Yihu Zhang,
  • Bin Li,
  • Haiyan Wang,
  • Peng Chen,
  • Zijiong Li

摘要

Nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon dots (N/P-CD) were successfully synthesized via a facile and controllable electrochemical exfoliation strategy. In this approach, heteroatom doping is achieved through electrolyte engineering. Compared with conventional high-temperature or multistep synthetic methods, this strategy enables precise regulation of nitrogen and phosphorus incorporation simply by tuning the electrolyte composition, thereby providing an effective platform for the controllable modulation of the electronic structure of carbon dots. The electrocatalytic performance of N/P-CD toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was systematically evaluated in alkaline media. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between nitrogen and phosphorus dopants, the catalyst exhibits significantly enhanced intrinsic activity. Specifically, compared with undoped carbon dots, the onset potential and half-wave potential are positively shifted by 142 mV and 141 mV. Moreover, compared with the singly doped samples (N-CD and P-CD), N/P-CD exhibits a higher onset potential (0.86 V) and half-wave potential (0.76 V), demonstrating electrocatalytic activity comparable to that of the commercial Pt/C electrode. N/P-CD also demonstrated excellent electrochemical stability, as no significant shift in the CV curves was observed after 5,000 cycles, indicating the outstanding stability of the material. This study demonstrates that N/P-CD, as a low-cost and non-precious metal ORR electrocatalyst, shows promising potential in alkaline oxygen reduction systems and can serve as a scalable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional Pt-based catalytic systems.