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<p>This study evaluates the efficacy of commercial powdered activated carbon (CPAC) for removing contaminants from agricultural wastewater in Algeria’s Zab El Gharbi region. Characterization using BET, FTIR, XRD, and SEM analysis confirmed a well-developed structure and distinct morphology of CPAC. Through batch experiments, CPAC demonstrated remarkable removal efficiencies of 97.75% for ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) and 97% for manganese (Mn<sup>+2</sup>), with moderate performance for calcium (Ca<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup>) and sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>) (42.85%, and 50%). Anionic species (Cl⁻, and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>) exhibited lower removal rates (18%, and 22%). The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency improved progressively, from 66.84% at 60&#xa0;min to 75.17% at 240&#xa0;min. Kinetic analysis revealed that the pseudo-second&#xa0;order model best fit the data, indicating chemisorption-dominated mechanisms. Optimal conditions were identified at initial pH = 8.03, 60&#xa0;min of contact time, and 500&#xa0;mg/50&#xa0;mL CPAC dosage. Studies of thermodynamics revealed that the process was exothermic (Δ<i>H</i>° &lt; 0) and spontaneous (Δ<i>G</i>° &lt; 0). These findings highlight CPAC’s potential for treating agricultural wastewater. This work may contribute to advance sustainable water treatment strategies as these results demonstrate the practical value of adsorption techniques in rural areas, ensuring effective removal of harmful contaminants. In addition, this finding supports environmental and soil health protection while enabling safe reuse of treated water for irrigation. Such an approach promotes sustainable and resource-efficient agriculture.</p>

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Physico-chemical assessment of agricultural wastewater treatment by adsorption: a sustainable approach from Zab El Gharbi, Algeria

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月11日

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  • Mansoura Benakcha,
  • Toufik Masmoudi,
  • Meriem Chebbi,
  • Soufiane Youcef,
  • Leila Youcef,
  • Saadia Guergazi

摘要

This study evaluates the efficacy of commercial powdered activated carbon (CPAC) for removing contaminants from agricultural wastewater in Algeria’s Zab El Gharbi region. Characterization using BET, FTIR, XRD, and SEM analysis confirmed a well-developed structure and distinct morphology of CPAC. Through batch experiments, CPAC demonstrated remarkable removal efficiencies of 97.75% for ammonium (NH4+) and 97% for manganese (Mn+2), with moderate performance for calcium (Ca2+) and sodium (Na+) (42.85%, and 50%). Anionic species (Cl⁻, and SO42−) exhibited lower removal rates (18%, and 22%). The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency improved progressively, from 66.84% at 60 min to 75.17% at 240 min. Kinetic analysis revealed that the pseudo-second order model best fit the data, indicating chemisorption-dominated mechanisms. Optimal conditions were identified at initial pH = 8.03, 60 min of contact time, and 500 mg/50 mL CPAC dosage. Studies of thermodynamics revealed that the process was exothermic (ΔH° < 0) and spontaneous (ΔG° < 0). These findings highlight CPAC’s potential for treating agricultural wastewater. This work may contribute to advance sustainable water treatment strategies as these results demonstrate the practical value of adsorption techniques in rural areas, ensuring effective removal of harmful contaminants. In addition, this finding supports environmental and soil health protection while enabling safe reuse of treated water for irrigation. Such an approach promotes sustainable and resource-efficient agriculture.