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<p>This study investigates the structural, optical, photocatalytic, and antimicrobial properties of pure and Zn-doped Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles synthesized via a co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the successful incorporation of Zn, which induced structural modifications. Optical studies revealed that Zn doping reduced the dielectric constant and optical conductivity, influencing charge transport. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra indicated defect-related emissions, where Zn doping initially suppressed electron–hole recombination before enhancing it at higher concentrations. The photocatalytic activity of Zn-doped Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was evaluated through methylene blue degradation under solar irradiation, with 1% Zn-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> achieving the highest efficiency (96%), attributed to suppressed recombination and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Kinetic analysis demonstrated both pseudo-zeroth and first&#xa0;order degradation behavior, with 1% Zn-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> exhibiting the highest rate constant. Scavenger experiments identified hydroxyl radicals (<sup>*</sup>OH) and photogenerated holes (h<sup>+</sup>) as the dominant reactive species driving the photocatalytic process. Antimicrobial tests showed enhanced antibacterial and antifungal activity of Zn-doped Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, with larger inhibition zones against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>, primarily due to ROS generation. The nanoparticles also displayed excellent reusability, maintaining high catalytic efficiency over multiple cycles. Overall, Zn-doped Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles emerge as promising candidates for photocatalytic and antimicrobial applications, with potential utility in environmental remediation and biomedical fields.</p>

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Photocatalytic and antimicrobial performance of Zn-Doped Co3O4 nanoparticles synthesized via co-precipitation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • R. Radha,
  • G. Vignesh,
  • S. Nilavazhagan,
  • M. Ashokkumar,
  • D. Anbuselvan,
  • S. Rosepriya

摘要

This study investigates the structural, optical, photocatalytic, and antimicrobial properties of pure and Zn-doped Co3O4 nanoparticles synthesized via a co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the successful incorporation of Zn, which induced structural modifications. Optical studies revealed that Zn doping reduced the dielectric constant and optical conductivity, influencing charge transport. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra indicated defect-related emissions, where Zn doping initially suppressed electron–hole recombination before enhancing it at higher concentrations. The photocatalytic activity of Zn-doped Co3O4 was evaluated through methylene blue degradation under solar irradiation, with 1% Zn-Co3O4 achieving the highest efficiency (96%), attributed to suppressed recombination and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Kinetic analysis demonstrated both pseudo-zeroth and first order degradation behavior, with 1% Zn-Co3O4 exhibiting the highest rate constant. Scavenger experiments identified hydroxyl radicals (*OH) and photogenerated holes (h+) as the dominant reactive species driving the photocatalytic process. Antimicrobial tests showed enhanced antibacterial and antifungal activity of Zn-doped Co3O4, with larger inhibition zones against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans, primarily due to ROS generation. The nanoparticles also displayed excellent reusability, maintaining high catalytic efficiency over multiple cycles. Overall, Zn-doped Co3O4 nanoparticles emerge as promising candidates for photocatalytic and antimicrobial applications, with potential utility in environmental remediation and biomedical fields.