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<p>A heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like system based on bismuth ferrite (BiFeO<sub>3</sub>, BFO) and oxalic acid was developed for the efficient degradation of cresol red (CR) under UVA irradiation. The BFO catalyst exhibited a rhombohedral perovskite (R3c) structure with nanoscale crystallinity, fibrous-porous morphology, and uniform elemental distribution, as confirmed by XRD, FTIR, and SEM–EDS analyses. Photodegradation experiments revealed that neither BFO nor oxalic acid alone achieved significant CR removal, whereas their combination induced a pronounced synergistic effect (synergy index, SI ≈ 3.52), reaching 88.4% degradation within 120&#xa0;min using a low BFO dose of only 0.05&#xa0;g&#xa0;L<sup>−1</sup>. Optimal operating conditions were 1.0&#xa0;mM oxalic acid and pH 3.0, following pseudo-first&#xa0;order kinetics. Radical scavenging experiments identified hydroxyl radicals as the primary reactive species. Mechanistic analysis indicated that CR degradation proceeds through surface complexation of Fe(III) by oxalate, photo-assisted Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycling, and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The system maintained high performance in natural water matrices, although elevated salinity partially reduced efficiency. A preliminary cost evaluation highlighted low reagent consumption, with energy demand identified as the main operational cost. The present study provides mechanistic insight into BFO-catalysed heterogeneous photo-Fenton processes and demonstrates their potential for sustainable water treatment applications.</p>

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Bismuth ferrite-catalysed heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like degradation of cresol red: process optimization and radical mechanism

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月19日

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  • Mohamed El Hadi Benssassi,
  • Sevde Ustun-Odabasi,
  • Tahar Sehili

摘要

A heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like system based on bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3, BFO) and oxalic acid was developed for the efficient degradation of cresol red (CR) under UVA irradiation. The BFO catalyst exhibited a rhombohedral perovskite (R3c) structure with nanoscale crystallinity, fibrous-porous morphology, and uniform elemental distribution, as confirmed by XRD, FTIR, and SEM–EDS analyses. Photodegradation experiments revealed that neither BFO nor oxalic acid alone achieved significant CR removal, whereas their combination induced a pronounced synergistic effect (synergy index, SI ≈ 3.52), reaching 88.4% degradation within 120 min using a low BFO dose of only 0.05 g L−1. Optimal operating conditions were 1.0 mM oxalic acid and pH 3.0, following pseudo-first order kinetics. Radical scavenging experiments identified hydroxyl radicals as the primary reactive species. Mechanistic analysis indicated that CR degradation proceeds through surface complexation of Fe(III) by oxalate, photo-assisted Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycling, and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The system maintained high performance in natural water matrices, although elevated salinity partially reduced efficiency. A preliminary cost evaluation highlighted low reagent consumption, with energy demand identified as the main operational cost. The present study provides mechanistic insight into BFO-catalysed heterogeneous photo-Fenton processes and demonstrates their potential for sustainable water treatment applications.