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<p>This study aims to determine whether a sustainable and cost-effective biochar can efficiently remove 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) from wastewater by evaluating its adsorption efficiency in batch and fixed-bed column systems under a range of operating circumstances. Results indicate that the presence of hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and aliphatic C-H bonds, according to the FTIR analysis, is crucial for the 2-NP adsorption process. The prepared biochar (PF600) exhibited heterogeneous architecture with tunnel-shaped pores and substantial porosity. The maximum adsorption capacity at 71.08&#xa0;mg/g, with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99 according to the Langmuir model, suggesting monolayer adsorption phenomenon. In the fixed-bed column system, the optimal adsorption conditions were achieved at a bed height of 4&#xa0;cm, an influent concentration of 160&#xa0;mg/L, and a flow rate of 2&#xa0;mL/min, resulting in a removal efficiency of 65.46% and a bed capacity of 31.42&#xa0;mg/g. Breakthrough curve modelling using the Yoon-Nelson and Thomas models demonstrated excellent fitting (R<sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.99), confirming their applicability for dynamic adsorption predictions. The novelty in this study involves the application of biochar from date palm fiber as a green and economically viable alternative for the removal of 2-NP, showing competitive potential adsorption performance comparable to other conventional adsorbents. These results are illuminating with regard to the applicability of agricultural waste in water treatment practices from economic and environmental standpoints.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Agricultural waste–derived biochar for the adsorptive removal of 2-nitrophenol: a comparative study in batch and continuous columns

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月19日

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  • Mohamed Khechai,
  • Ammar Fadel,
  • Abdelkader Ouakouak,
  • Naima Azri,
  • Amir Djellouli,
  • Lynda Hecini,
  • Salma Samidin,
  • Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak

摘要

This study aims to determine whether a sustainable and cost-effective biochar can efficiently remove 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) from wastewater by evaluating its adsorption efficiency in batch and fixed-bed column systems under a range of operating circumstances. Results indicate that the presence of hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and aliphatic C-H bonds, according to the FTIR analysis, is crucial for the 2-NP adsorption process. The prepared biochar (PF600) exhibited heterogeneous architecture with tunnel-shaped pores and substantial porosity. The maximum adsorption capacity at 71.08 mg/g, with R2 = 0.99 according to the Langmuir model, suggesting monolayer adsorption phenomenon. In the fixed-bed column system, the optimal adsorption conditions were achieved at a bed height of 4 cm, an influent concentration of 160 mg/L, and a flow rate of 2 mL/min, resulting in a removal efficiency of 65.46% and a bed capacity of 31.42 mg/g. Breakthrough curve modelling using the Yoon-Nelson and Thomas models demonstrated excellent fitting (R2 > 0.99), confirming their applicability for dynamic adsorption predictions. The novelty in this study involves the application of biochar from date palm fiber as a green and economically viable alternative for the removal of 2-NP, showing competitive potential adsorption performance comparable to other conventional adsorbents. These results are illuminating with regard to the applicability of agricultural waste in water treatment practices from economic and environmental standpoints.

Graphical Abstract