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<p>In this study, performance in removing two dyes, Congo red (anionic) and Rhodamine B (cationic) was evaluated by adsorption onto high-performance biochars. Biochars were produced from tomato plant branches by pyrolysis conducted at temperatures of 500, 700, and 900 °C. The biochar produced at 900 °C (BT-900°) exhibited notable properties, with a high BET-specific surface area (504.14 m<sup>2</sup>/g), mesoporosity (average pore diameter 3.62 nm), and numerous oxygenated functional groups such as C–O, C=O, and –OH. Batch adsorption tests revealed maximum removal efficiencies of 99.29% for Rhodamine B (2 h contact time) and 81.07% for Congo red (3 h contact time) at an initial concentration of 50 mg/L and biochar dose of 1 g/L. Kinetic modeling revealed that the adsorption of both dyes was most accurately predicted by the pseudo-second order model, suggesting chemisorption as the primary mechanism. Isotherm data fitted the Langmuir model well, and provided maximum adsorption capacities of 77.18 mg/g (Rhodamine B) and 58.60 mg/g (Congo red). BT-900° remained effective for three reuse cycles. Economic cost analysis showed that the production and application of BT-900° incurred a low direct operating cost (DOC) of 1.166 USD/kg, confirming its potential as a cost-effective adsorbent for wastewater treatment. These results demonstrate the prospective benefits of thermally treated agricultural residues as sustainable and high-performance adsorbents for purifying dyes from contaminated water.</p>

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Kinetics, isotherm, and mechanisms of adsorption of Congo red and Rhodamine B onto tomato plant-derived biochar

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月30日

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  • Soufiane Youcef,
  • Leila Youcef,
  • Oussama Kheliel,
  • Mohamed Amine Khelfa,
  • Fadoua Nihad Chergui,
  • Racha Kara,
  • Sabrina Ziad,
  • Meriem Chebbi,
  • Mansoura Benakcha,
  • Saadia Guergazi,
  • Chafika Dridi

摘要

In this study, performance in removing two dyes, Congo red (anionic) and Rhodamine B (cationic) was evaluated by adsorption onto high-performance biochars. Biochars were produced from tomato plant branches by pyrolysis conducted at temperatures of 500, 700, and 900 °C. The biochar produced at 900 °C (BT-900°) exhibited notable properties, with a high BET-specific surface area (504.14 m2/g), mesoporosity (average pore diameter 3.62 nm), and numerous oxygenated functional groups such as C–O, C=O, and –OH. Batch adsorption tests revealed maximum removal efficiencies of 99.29% for Rhodamine B (2 h contact time) and 81.07% for Congo red (3 h contact time) at an initial concentration of 50 mg/L and biochar dose of 1 g/L. Kinetic modeling revealed that the adsorption of both dyes was most accurately predicted by the pseudo-second order model, suggesting chemisorption as the primary mechanism. Isotherm data fitted the Langmuir model well, and provided maximum adsorption capacities of 77.18 mg/g (Rhodamine B) and 58.60 mg/g (Congo red). BT-900° remained effective for three reuse cycles. Economic cost analysis showed that the production and application of BT-900° incurred a low direct operating cost (DOC) of 1.166 USD/kg, confirming its potential as a cost-effective adsorbent for wastewater treatment. These results demonstrate the prospective benefits of thermally treated agricultural residues as sustainable and high-performance adsorbents for purifying dyes from contaminated water.