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<p>This study investigates a chromium(III)-integrated silica gel (SG-Cr) synthesized using the sol–gel method with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and chromium(III) chloride hexahydrate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis has indicated an amorphous nature of the composite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a rough surface texture. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results have confirmed the formation of a siloxane network and demonstrated the successful incorporation of chromium through interactions with silanol (Si–OH) groups. The SG-Cr composite was used as an adsorbent material for methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO). It has shown the good performance in removing methyl orange (MO) dye from water. At 10&#xa0;mg/L (MB) and 30&#xa0;mg/L (MO), the removal efficiencies have&#xa0;reached 24.2% and 96.51%&#xa0;respectively. The adsorption performance was observed to be pH-dependent with the acidic conditions (pH 2) for the MO (anionic dye) removal due to electrostatic attraction between the protonated surface, whereas alkaline conditions (pH 11) has enhanced MB (cationic dye) uptake via interactions with deprotonated silanol groups. These results have shown the potential of SG-Cr suitable in the wastewater treatment, particularly for anionic contaminants in the&#xa0;acidic environments.</p>

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Chromium(III)-embedded silica gel composite for adsorption of methylene blue and methyl orange dyes in environmental treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月10日

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  • Neda’a Al-Adaileh,
  • Suresh Sagadevan,
  • A. Mohammed Al-Anber,
  • Imad Hamadneh,
  • Fedaa Adaileh,
  • Osama Al-Sarayirh,
  • Is Fatimah,
  • Mohd Rafie Johan

摘要

This study investigates a chromium(III)-integrated silica gel (SG-Cr) synthesized using the sol–gel method with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and chromium(III) chloride hexahydrate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis has indicated an amorphous nature of the composite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a rough surface texture. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results have confirmed the formation of a siloxane network and demonstrated the successful incorporation of chromium through interactions with silanol (Si–OH) groups. The SG-Cr composite was used as an adsorbent material for methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO). It has shown the good performance in removing methyl orange (MO) dye from water. At 10 mg/L (MB) and 30 mg/L (MO), the removal efficiencies have reached 24.2% and 96.51% respectively. The adsorption performance was observed to be pH-dependent with the acidic conditions (pH 2) for the MO (anionic dye) removal due to electrostatic attraction between the protonated surface, whereas alkaline conditions (pH 11) has enhanced MB (cationic dye) uptake via interactions with deprotonated silanol groups. These results have shown the potential of SG-Cr suitable in the wastewater treatment, particularly for anionic contaminants in the acidic environments.