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<p>This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and application of CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles as an efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light. CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was synthesized via the coprecipitation method, and its structural integrity and purity were confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, which identified a spinel cubic phase with high crystallinity. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed agglomerated nanoparticles, while Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) verified the elemental composition and purity of the material. Optical characterization using UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and the Tauc plot demonstrated a narrow bandgap of 1.43&#xa0;eV, enabling strong absorption of visible light, while the Valence Band Maximum (VBM) at 1.94&#xa0;eV highlighted its high oxidative potential. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Nyquist plots showed low charge transfer resistance, facilitating efficient charge separation, and photoluminescence (PL) spectra revealed moderate emission intensities, indicating reduced electron–hole recombination. Dielectric studies further confirmed strong light-matter interactions, with favorable optical and electrical conductivities for photocatalytic applications. The photocatalytic activity of CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was evaluated for RhB degradation, achieving a significant degradation rate of 57.89% within 90&#xa0;min under visible light, following pseudo-first order kinetics with a rate constant (k = 0.01961 ± 0.0027&#xa0;min<sup>−1</sup>) much higher than photolysis alone (k = (7.2 ± 0.1) × 10<sup>−4</sup>&#xa0;min<sup>−1</sup>). Reusability tests confirmed the catalyst's stability over six cycles, with a degradation efficiency of 46% in the final cycle. Scavenger tests identified superoxide radicals (O<sub>2</sub>⋅<sup>−</sup>) as the dominant reactive species, with significant contributions from photogenerated holes (h<sup>+</sup>), while hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) played a negligible role. A detailed mechanism was proposed, involving visible-light absorption, charge carrier generation, and reactive oxygen species formation to degrade RhB into harmless products.</p>

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Optical and dielectric properties of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles: a pathway to efficient photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under visible light

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月30日

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  • K. Derkaoui,
  • A. Elfiad,
  • Y. Mebdoua,
  • I. Belkhettab,
  • I. Bencherifa,
  • S. Benredouane,
  • S. Naama,
  • T. Hadjersi,
  • M. Kechouane

摘要

This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and application of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles as an efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light. CuFe2O4 was synthesized via the coprecipitation method, and its structural integrity and purity were confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, which identified a spinel cubic phase with high crystallinity. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed agglomerated nanoparticles, while Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) verified the elemental composition and purity of the material. Optical characterization using UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and the Tauc plot demonstrated a narrow bandgap of 1.43 eV, enabling strong absorption of visible light, while the Valence Band Maximum (VBM) at 1.94 eV highlighted its high oxidative potential. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Nyquist plots showed low charge transfer resistance, facilitating efficient charge separation, and photoluminescence (PL) spectra revealed moderate emission intensities, indicating reduced electron–hole recombination. Dielectric studies further confirmed strong light-matter interactions, with favorable optical and electrical conductivities for photocatalytic applications. The photocatalytic activity of CuFe2O4 was evaluated for RhB degradation, achieving a significant degradation rate of 57.89% within 90 min under visible light, following pseudo-first order kinetics with a rate constant (k = 0.01961 ± 0.0027 min−1) much higher than photolysis alone (k = (7.2 ± 0.1) × 10−4 min−1). Reusability tests confirmed the catalyst's stability over six cycles, with a degradation efficiency of 46% in the final cycle. Scavenger tests identified superoxide radicals (O2⋅−) as the dominant reactive species, with significant contributions from photogenerated holes (h+), while hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) played a negligible role. A detailed mechanism was proposed, involving visible-light absorption, charge carrier generation, and reactive oxygen species formation to degrade RhB into harmless products.