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<p>Geomagnetic storms are followed by ionospheric disturbances of various kinds (ionospheric storms) that change the conditions of HF propagation. Radio wave propagation is most significantly affected by the spatial location of large-scale structures such as the main ionospheric trough and the zone of diffuse electron precipitation. During magnetic storms, they shift to lower latitudes, causing strong variations in the maximum observed frequencies (MOFs) of radio wave propagation on mid-latitude paths, deviation of signal propagation trajectories from the great-circle arc, and the occurrence of anomalous diffuse signals with delays exceeding those of the regular propagation modes, as well as the absence of radio wave transmission. From the analysis of oblique ionospheric sounding with a continuous chirp signal on the Magadan–Irkutsk and Norilsk–Irkutsk paths, we studied the peculiarities of the HF signal mode structure during strong and moderate magnetic storms in November–December 2023. Relation between MOF variations and positions of the main ionospheric trough and the equatorial boundary of the diffuse electron precipitation zone relative to the propagation path was revealed.</p>

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Peculiarities of the HF Signal Mode Structure on Mid-Latitude Radio Paths During Geomagnetic Storms in November–December 2023

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • S. N. Ponomarchuk,
  • N. A. Zolotukhina,
  • V. I. Kurkin

摘要

Geomagnetic storms are followed by ionospheric disturbances of various kinds (ionospheric storms) that change the conditions of HF propagation. Radio wave propagation is most significantly affected by the spatial location of large-scale structures such as the main ionospheric trough and the zone of diffuse electron precipitation. During magnetic storms, they shift to lower latitudes, causing strong variations in the maximum observed frequencies (MOFs) of radio wave propagation on mid-latitude paths, deviation of signal propagation trajectories from the great-circle arc, and the occurrence of anomalous diffuse signals with delays exceeding those of the regular propagation modes, as well as the absence of radio wave transmission. From the analysis of oblique ionospheric sounding with a continuous chirp signal on the Magadan–Irkutsk and Norilsk–Irkutsk paths, we studied the peculiarities of the HF signal mode structure during strong and moderate magnetic storms in November–December 2023. Relation between MOF variations and positions of the main ionospheric trough and the equatorial boundary of the diffuse electron precipitation zone relative to the propagation path was revealed.