Behavior of the Refractive Index of Ultrashort Waves in the Lower 10-m Atmospheric Layer Over the Ivolginsk Basin

We present the results of studying the refractive index of ultrashort waves, which is calculated on the basis of meteorological measurements of the atmospheric-soil measuring complex. The diurnal and seasonal dynamics of the behavior of the refractive index and its gradient in the lower 10- meter layer of the troposphere in the Ivolginsk basin in the Republic of Buryatia are considered. It is found that in summer, meteorological conditions that favor the negative refraction of UHF waves arise. It determined that the greatest influence on the general gradient of the refractive index in this season is exerted by the gradient of its humidity component, which depends on the vertical distribution of atmospheric humidity. Due to intense insolation, the Earth’s surface is heated, which leads to active evaporation of the soil moisture and its subsequent condensation in the atmosphere.