<p>We prove that there are <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1184_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="34" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="67" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gg \frac{X^{\frac{1}{3}}}{(\log X)^2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>≫</mo> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>X</mi> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>log</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> imaginary quadratic fields <i>k</i> with discriminant <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1184_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="68" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(|d_k|\le X\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>X</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and an ideal class group of 5-rank at least 2. This improves a result of Byeon, who proved the lower bound <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1184_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="45" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gg X^{\frac{1}{4}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>≫</mo> <msup> <mi>X</mi> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>4</mn> </mfrac> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the same setting. We use a method of Howe, Leprévost, and Poonen to construct a genus 2 curve <i>C</i> over <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1184_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {Q}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Q</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that <i>C</i> has a rational Weierstrass point and the Jacobian of <i>C</i> has a rational torsion subgroup of 5-rank 2. We deduce the main result from the existence of the curve <i>C</i> and a quantitative result of Kulkarni and the second author.</p>

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Counting imaginary quadratic fields with an ideal class group of 5-rank at least 2

  • Kollin Bartz,
  • Aaron Levin,
  • Aman Dhruva Thamminana

摘要

We prove that there are \(\gg \frac{X^{\frac{1}{3}}}{(\log X)^2}\) X 1 3 ( log X ) 2 imaginary quadratic fields k with discriminant \(|d_k|\le X\) | d k | X and an ideal class group of 5-rank at least 2. This improves a result of Byeon, who proved the lower bound \(\gg X^{\frac{1}{4}}\) X 1 4 in the same setting. We use a method of Howe, Leprévost, and Poonen to construct a genus 2 curve C over \(\mathbb {Q}\) Q such that C has a rational Weierstrass point and the Jacobian of C has a rational torsion subgroup of 5-rank 2. We deduce the main result from the existence of the curve C and a quantitative result of Kulkarni and the second author.