<p>The number of sequences of odd length in strict partitions (denoted as <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1166_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{sol}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mtext>sol</mtext> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), which plays a pivotal role in the first paper of this series, is investigated in different contexts, both new and old. Namely, we first note a direct link between <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1166_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{sol}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mtext>sol</mtext> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and the 2-measure of strict partitions when the partition length is given. This notion of 2-measure of a partition was introduced quite recently by Andrews, Bhattacharjee, and Dastidar. We establish a <i>q</i>-series identity in three ways: one of them features a Franklin-type involution. Secondly, still with this new partition statistic <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1166_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{sol}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mtext>sol</mtext> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in mind, we revisit Euler’s partition theorem through the lens of Sylvester–Bessenrodt. Two new bivariate refinements of Euler’s theorem are established, which involve notions such as MacMahon’s 2-modular Ferrers diagram, the Durfee side of partitions, and a certain alternating index of partitions that we believe is introduced here for the first time.</p>

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Sequences of odd length in strict partitions II: the 2-measure and refinements of Euler’s theorem

  • Shishuo Fu,
  • Haijun Li

摘要

The number of sequences of odd length in strict partitions (denoted as \(\textrm{sol}\) sol ), which plays a pivotal role in the first paper of this series, is investigated in different contexts, both new and old. Namely, we first note a direct link between \(\textrm{sol}\) sol and the 2-measure of strict partitions when the partition length is given. This notion of 2-measure of a partition was introduced quite recently by Andrews, Bhattacharjee, and Dastidar. We establish a q-series identity in three ways: one of them features a Franklin-type involution. Secondly, still with this new partition statistic \(\textrm{sol}\) sol in mind, we revisit Euler’s partition theorem through the lens of Sylvester–Bessenrodt. Two new bivariate refinements of Euler’s theorem are established, which involve notions such as MacMahon’s 2-modular Ferrers diagram, the Durfee side of partitions, and a certain alternating index of partitions that we believe is introduced here for the first time.