<p>We improve the universality theorem of the Riemann zeta-function in short intervals by establishing universality for significantly shorter intervals <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1144_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="77" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\([T,T+H]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Assuming the Riemann Hypothesis, we prove that universality in such short intervals holds for <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1144_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="98" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(H=(\log T)^B\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>H</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>log</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>B</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with an explicitly given <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1144_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="46" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(B&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>B</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Unconditionally, we show that for the same <i>H</i> the set of real numbers <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1144_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="107" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau \in [T,T+H]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>τ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1144_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="67" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\zeta (s+i\tau )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ζ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mi>τ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> approximates an arbitrary given analytic function has a positive upper density.</p>

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Universality of the zeta function in short intervals

  • Yoonbok Lee,
  • Łukasz Pańkowski

摘要

We improve the universality theorem of the Riemann zeta-function in short intervals by establishing universality for significantly shorter intervals \([T,T+H]\) [ T , T + H ] . Assuming the Riemann Hypothesis, we prove that universality in such short intervals holds for \(H=(\log T)^B\) H = ( log T ) B with an explicitly given \(B>0\) B > 0 . Unconditionally, we show that for the same H the set of real numbers \(\tau \in [T,T+H]\) τ [ T , T + H ] such that \(\zeta (s+i\tau )\) ζ ( s + i τ ) approximates an arbitrary given analytic function has a positive upper density.