<p>In this paper, we first determine the number of signed permutations with exactly <i>k</i> inversions, which is denoted by <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1130_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="57" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(i_B(n,k)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>i</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and called <i>Mahonian numbers of type</i> <i>B</i>. Then we provide a recurrence relation for the Mahonian numbers <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1130_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="57" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(i_B(n,k)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>i</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In addition, we give a recursive formula for the summation of the inversion numbers of all permutations in the hyperoctahedral group <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1130_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(B_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, denoted by <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1130_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {B}_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">B</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Furthermore, we concretely compute the summation <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1130_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {B}_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">B</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with the help of an inversion statistic and the backward permutation concepts on <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1130_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(B_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Moreover, we compute the weight on the group <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1130_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="24" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(D_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of even-signed permutations of <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1130_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="37" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(inv_D\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mi>D</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> statistic. Finally, we deduce for any classical Weyl group <i>W</i> with the reflection set <i>T</i> that <Equation ID="Equ18"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1130_Article_Equ18.gif" Format="GIF" Height="47" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="143" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\frac{|W||T|}{2}=\sum _{w \in W}l(w),\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>W</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>w</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>W</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mi>l</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <i>l</i> denotes the length function on <i>W</i>.</p>

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A combinatorial interpretation of Mahonian numbers of types B and D

  • Hasan Arslan,
  • Alnour Altoum,
  • Nazmiye Alemdar,
  • Hüseyin Altındiş

摘要

In this paper, we first determine the number of signed permutations with exactly k inversions, which is denoted by \(i_B(n,k)\) i B ( n , k ) and called Mahonian numbers of type B. Then we provide a recurrence relation for the Mahonian numbers \(i_B(n,k)\) i B ( n , k ) . In addition, we give a recursive formula for the summation of the inversion numbers of all permutations in the hyperoctahedral group \(B_n\) B n , denoted by \(\mathcal {B}_n\) B n . Furthermore, we concretely compute the summation \(\mathcal {B}_n\) B n with the help of an inversion statistic and the backward permutation concepts on \(B_n\) B n . Moreover, we compute the weight on the group \(D_n\) D n of even-signed permutations of \(inv_D\) i n v D statistic. Finally, we deduce for any classical Weyl group W with the reflection set T that \(\frac{|W||T|}{2}=\sum _{w \in W}l(w),\) | W | | T | 2 = w W l ( w ) , where l denotes the length function on W.