<p>Two-color partitions are partitions whose parts can be two colors, such as red and green. Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1094_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {L}_d\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> denote the set of two-color partitions into numerically distinct parts with the added condition that red parts are at least <i>d</i> larger than the next largest part and green parts are at least <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1094_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="38" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d+1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> larger than the next largest part, and with no green part <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1094_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1_g\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mn>1</mn> <mi>g</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> or <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1094_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="59" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((d-1)_g\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>g</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Recently, Andrews established three partition theorems related to <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1094_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {L}_d\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1094_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="71" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d=1,2,3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Subsequently, Fu found the refinements of these three theorems by providing the bijective proofs. In this paper, in view of linked partition ideals, we give the analytic proofs of three refinements of the theorems given by Andrews. Meanwhile, we find an analogue of Euler pentagonal number theorem related to <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1094_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {L}_d\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1094_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d\geqslant 3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>⩾</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Furthermore, the combinatorial proofs of the main theorems are presented.</p>

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Linked partition ideals and two-color partitions

  • Nancy S. S. Gu,
  • Kuo Yu

摘要

Two-color partitions are partitions whose parts can be two colors, such as red and green. Let \(\mathcal {L}_d\) L d denote the set of two-color partitions into numerically distinct parts with the added condition that red parts are at least d larger than the next largest part and green parts are at least \(d+1\) d + 1 larger than the next largest part, and with no green part \(1_g\) 1 g or \((d-1)_g\) ( d - 1 ) g . Recently, Andrews established three partition theorems related to \(\mathcal {L}_d\) L d for \(d=1,2,3\) d = 1 , 2 , 3 . Subsequently, Fu found the refinements of these three theorems by providing the bijective proofs. In this paper, in view of linked partition ideals, we give the analytic proofs of three refinements of the theorems given by Andrews. Meanwhile, we find an analogue of Euler pentagonal number theorem related to \(\mathcal {L}_d\) L d for \(d\geqslant 3\) d 3 . Furthermore, the combinatorial proofs of the main theorems are presented.