<p>Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1079_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="156" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L(s, \chi _1), \ldots , L(s, \chi _N)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be primitive Dirichlet <i>L</i>-functions different from the Riemann zeta function. Under suitable hypotheses we prove that any linear combination <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1079_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="290" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a_1\log |L(\rho ,\chi _1)|+\dots +a_N\log |L(\rho ,\chi _N)|\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>log</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msub> <mo>log</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> has an approximately normal distribution as <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1079_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="60" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T\rightarrow \infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with mean 0 and variance <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1079_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="198" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \tfrac{1}{2} \big ({a_1}^2+\dots +{a_N}^2\big )\log \log T.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">(</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mrow> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>log</mo> <mo>log</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> Here <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1079_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="129" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a_1, a_2, \ldots , a_N \in \mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msub> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1079_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\rho \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ρ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> runs over the nontrivial zeros of the zeta function with <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1079_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="89" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0&lt; \Im \rho \le T\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>ℑ</mi> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. From this we deduce that the vectors <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1079_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="33" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="436" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\big (\log |L(\rho ,\chi _1)|/\sqrt{ \frac{1}{2} \log \log T}, \ldots , \log |L(\rho ,\chi _N)|/\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \log \log T}\,\big )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">(</mo> </mrow> <mo>log</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> </mrow> <msqrt> <mrow> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>log</mo> <mo>log</mo> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </msqrt> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mo>log</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <msqrt> <mrow> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>log</mo> <mo>log</mo> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </msqrt> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> have approximately an <i>N</i>-variate normal distribution whose components are approximately mutually independent as <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1079_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="60" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T\rightarrow \infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We apply these results to study the proportion of the <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1079_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\rho \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ρ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> that are zeros or <i>a</i>-values of linear combinations of the form <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1079_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="212" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(c_1 L(\rho , \chi _1)+ \cdots + c_N L(\rho , \chi _N)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mi>L</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msub> <mi>L</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with complex <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1079_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(c_i\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> as coefficients.</p>

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A central limit theorem for linear combinations of logarithms of Dirichlet L-functions sampled at the zeros of the zeta function

  • Fatma Çiçek,
  • Steven M. Gonek,
  • Scott J. Kirila

摘要

Let \(L(s, \chi _1), \ldots , L(s, \chi _N)\) L ( s , χ 1 ) , , L ( s , χ N ) be primitive Dirichlet L-functions different from the Riemann zeta function. Under suitable hypotheses we prove that any linear combination \(a_1\log |L(\rho ,\chi _1)|+\dots +a_N\log |L(\rho ,\chi _N)|\) a 1 log | L ( ρ , χ 1 ) | + + a N log | L ( ρ , χ N ) | has an approximately normal distribution as \(T\rightarrow \infty \) T with mean 0 and variance \( \tfrac{1}{2} \big ({a_1}^2+\dots +{a_N}^2\big )\log \log T.\) 1 2 ( a 1 2 + + a N 2 ) log log T . Here \(a_1, a_2, \ldots , a_N \in \mathbb {R}\) a 1 , a 2 , , a N R , and \(\rho \) ρ runs over the nontrivial zeros of the zeta function with \(0< \Im \rho \le T\) 0 < ρ T . From this we deduce that the vectors \(\big (\log |L(\rho ,\chi _1)|/\sqrt{ \frac{1}{2} \log \log T}, \ldots , \log |L(\rho ,\chi _N)|/\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \log \log T}\,\big )\) ( log | L ( ρ , χ 1 ) | / 1 2 log log T , , log | L ( ρ , χ N ) | / 1 2 log log T ) have approximately an N-variate normal distribution whose components are approximately mutually independent as \(T\rightarrow \infty \) T . We apply these results to study the proportion of the \(\rho \) ρ that are zeros or a-values of linear combinations of the form \(c_1 L(\rho , \chi _1)+ \cdots + c_N L(\rho , \chi _N)\) c 1 L ( ρ , χ 1 ) + + c N L ( ρ , χ N ) with complex \(c_i\) c i as coefficients.