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An unsolved question surrounding the Generalized Laguerre Polynomial \(L_{n}^{(n)}(x)\)

  • Pradipto Banerjee

摘要

We examine the family of generalized Laguerre polynomials \(L_{n}^{(n)}(x)\) L n ( n ) ( x ) . In 1989, Gow discovered that if n is even, then the discriminant of \(L_{n}^{(n)}(x)\) L n ( n ) ( x ) is a nonzero square of a rational number. Additionally, in the case where the polynomial \(L_{n}^{(n)}(x)\) L n ( n ) ( x ) is irreducible over the rationals, the associated Galois group is the alternating group \(A_{n}\) A n . Filaseta et al. (2012) established the irreducibility of \(L_{n}^{(n)}(x)\) L n ( n ) ( x ) for every \(n>2\) n > 2 satisfying \(2\pmod {4}\) 2 ( mod 4 ) . They also demonstrated that if n is \(0\pmod {4}\) 0 ( mod 4 ) , then \(L_{n}^{(n)}(x)\) L n ( n ) ( x ) has a linear factor if it is not irreducible. The question of whether \(L_{n}^{(n)}(x)\) L n ( n ) ( x ) has a linear factor when n is \(0\pmod {4}\) 0 ( mod 4 ) remained unanswered. We resolve this question by proving that \(L_{n}^{(n)}(x)\) L n ( n ) ( x ) does not have a linear factor for sufficiently large n. This conclusion completes the classification of generalized Laguerre polynomials having Galois group the alternating group, excluding a finite set of exceptions.