<p>Tourism resilience has become a strategic imperative for destinations exposed to recurrent crises and structural vulnerabilities, particularly in developing economies. This study examines tourism resilience in the Tunisian context through a multidimensional framework integrating social, economic, institutional, and ecological dimensions. Drawing on 365 valid survey responses, structural equation modeling is employed to test the proposed model and assess the relative influence of each dimension. The findings confirm that tourism resilience is not a unidimensional capacity but an emergent systemic outcome resulting from the dynamic interaction among these dimensions. Social and institutional resilience exert the strongest effects, underscoring the central role of governance quality, trust, and community engagement, while economic and ecological dimensions provide critical adaptive and sustainability-oriented support. Theoretically, this study advances resilience theory by empirically operationalizing resilience as a hierarchically structured, multidimensional construct and by demonstrating how institutional and social mechanisms act as primary drivers rather than peripheral conditions, thereby extending existing resilience frameworks that remain largely conceptual or resource-centric. Methodologically, the study offers a validated measurement model suitable for crisis-prone tourism destinations. From a managerial perspective, the findings inform policymakers and destination managers on the necessity of integrated resilience-building strategies that align governance, societal capacities, economic adaptability, and ecological stewardship. By focusing on Tunisia as a representative tourism-dependent developing economy, this research provides transferable insights for fostering resilient and sustainable destinations worldwide.</p>