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<p>Over the last few years, energy transition has become a vital necessity in combating the global climate crisis and the success of this process depends on both technological infrastructure and qualified human capital and strategic education management. This study aims to examine the impact of higher education indicators (graduates, enrolments, and expenditures) on renewable energy production, drawing on the point of views of Human Capital Theory and Educational Management. The analysis was conducted using a balanced panel data set covering 31 countries for the period 2000–2020. Second-generation tests, which account for cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity, were chosen as the methodology. Long-run coefficients were estimated using Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) methods, and the robustness of the results were verified using the Driscoll-Kraay estimator. Causality relationships were analysed using the Dumitrescu-Hurlin test. Empirical findings indicate that physical human capital indicators (number of graduates and enrolled students) positively and significantly influence renewable energy production. However, the impact of financial indicators (total expenditure and share of GDP) has led to negative or mixed results, pointing to inefficiencies in resource allocation and scale effects. Causality analysis reveals a strong bidirectional (feedback) relationship between skilled labour and energy production, while a unidirectional causality exists from financial expenditure to energy. The study emphasises that financial inputs alone are insufficient for the transition to sustainable energy, and that the strategic management capacity of higher education institutions also plays a critical role.</p>

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Empirical evidence on the interaction between higher education and renewable energy policies: implications for human capital and sustainable development goals

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • Ali Doğdu,
  • Merve Uysal

摘要

Over the last few years, energy transition has become a vital necessity in combating the global climate crisis and the success of this process depends on both technological infrastructure and qualified human capital and strategic education management. This study aims to examine the impact of higher education indicators (graduates, enrolments, and expenditures) on renewable energy production, drawing on the point of views of Human Capital Theory and Educational Management. The analysis was conducted using a balanced panel data set covering 31 countries for the period 2000–2020. Second-generation tests, which account for cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity, were chosen as the methodology. Long-run coefficients were estimated using Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) methods, and the robustness of the results were verified using the Driscoll-Kraay estimator. Causality relationships were analysed using the Dumitrescu-Hurlin test. Empirical findings indicate that physical human capital indicators (number of graduates and enrolled students) positively and significantly influence renewable energy production. However, the impact of financial indicators (total expenditure and share of GDP) has led to negative or mixed results, pointing to inefficiencies in resource allocation and scale effects. Causality analysis reveals a strong bidirectional (feedback) relationship between skilled labour and energy production, while a unidirectional causality exists from financial expenditure to energy. The study emphasises that financial inputs alone are insufficient for the transition to sustainable energy, and that the strategic management capacity of higher education institutions also plays a critical role.