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<p>This study evaluates the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth in Indian agriculture across major states over the period 2008–2022, employing the non-parametric DEA based Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI). The results indicate an average annual productivity growth of 3.6%, primarily driven by technological progress, with limited contributions from improvements in efficiency change. State-level analysis reveals significant variation, with states such as Assam, Chhattisgarh, and Jharkhand exhibiting the highest gains. The convergence analysis, found no evidence of absolute convergence in agricultural productivity across Indian states, but identifies three distinct convergence clubs, reflecting underlying structural and institutional heterogeneity. These findings underscore the importance of region-specific policy interventions to address disparities in productivity growth and to foster inclusive and sustainable agricultural development.</p>

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Unveiling agricultural total factor productivity and club convergence: a state-level analysis of India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Aadil Ummar Zaman,
  • Aaqif Rashid Lone

摘要

This study evaluates the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth in Indian agriculture across major states over the period 2008–2022, employing the non-parametric DEA based Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI). The results indicate an average annual productivity growth of 3.6%, primarily driven by technological progress, with limited contributions from improvements in efficiency change. State-level analysis reveals significant variation, with states such as Assam, Chhattisgarh, and Jharkhand exhibiting the highest gains. The convergence analysis, found no evidence of absolute convergence in agricultural productivity across Indian states, but identifies three distinct convergence clubs, reflecting underlying structural and institutional heterogeneity. These findings underscore the importance of region-specific policy interventions to address disparities in productivity growth and to foster inclusive and sustainable agricultural development.