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<p>Environmental sustainability poses a major challenge for emerging economies, particularly those experiencing rapid economic growth, accelerating urbanization, and rising energy demand. The BRICS-T economies play a pivotal role in shaping global sustainability outcomes; however, empirical evidence on the heterogeneous drivers of environmental sustainability remains scarce. This empirical study addresses this gap by employing the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) approach to estimate the heterogeneous effects of economic growth, renewable energy consumption, non-renewable energy consumption, technological innovation, urbanization, and trade openness on environmental sustainability in BRICS-T economies using panel data covering the period 1992–2023. The empirical findings demonstrate that renewable energy consumption and urbanization consistently enhance environmental sustainability across heterogeneous quantiles, whereas economic growth and non-renewable energy consumption exert adverse effects. Additionally, technological innovation exhibits a quantile-dependent impact: it negatively affects environmental sustainability at lower and middle quantiles but contributes positively at higher quantiles. The study highlights the importance of scaling up investments in renewable energy, fostering environmentally oriented technological innovation, and integrating sustainable urban planning into national development frameworks. Furthermore, implementing carbon pricing mechanisms, reforming fossil fuel subsidies, strengthening regional environmental cooperation, and expanding green finance instruments are essential for achieving long-term environmental sustainability in BRICS-T economies.</p>

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Growth–energy–innovation nexus and environmental sustainability in BRICS-T economies: Evidence from Method of Moments Quantile Regression

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月11日

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  • Waqar Khalid,
  • Huri Gül Aybudak,
  • Abdul Rafay,
  • Muhammad Usman,
  • Mehdi Seraj,
  • Mumtaz Ali

摘要

Environmental sustainability poses a major challenge for emerging economies, particularly those experiencing rapid economic growth, accelerating urbanization, and rising energy demand. The BRICS-T economies play a pivotal role in shaping global sustainability outcomes; however, empirical evidence on the heterogeneous drivers of environmental sustainability remains scarce. This empirical study addresses this gap by employing the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) approach to estimate the heterogeneous effects of economic growth, renewable energy consumption, non-renewable energy consumption, technological innovation, urbanization, and trade openness on environmental sustainability in BRICS-T economies using panel data covering the period 1992–2023. The empirical findings demonstrate that renewable energy consumption and urbanization consistently enhance environmental sustainability across heterogeneous quantiles, whereas economic growth and non-renewable energy consumption exert adverse effects. Additionally, technological innovation exhibits a quantile-dependent impact: it negatively affects environmental sustainability at lower and middle quantiles but contributes positively at higher quantiles. The study highlights the importance of scaling up investments in renewable energy, fostering environmentally oriented technological innovation, and integrating sustainable urban planning into national development frameworks. Furthermore, implementing carbon pricing mechanisms, reforming fossil fuel subsidies, strengthening regional environmental cooperation, and expanding green finance instruments are essential for achieving long-term environmental sustainability in BRICS-T economies.