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<p>This study investigates the critical barriers impeding the widespread adoption of battery leasing models within the Indian electric vehicle (EV) sector. A hybrid multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework is used to analyze the cause–effect relationships among 16 key barriers. The results reveal that <i>technology obsolescence risks</i>, <i>complicated regulatory requirements</i>, and <i>battery health assessment issues</i> are the most influential root-cause barriers. In contrast, <i>high upfront leasing costs</i>, <i>resistance to new business models</i>, and <i>low consumer awareness</i> emerge as effect-type symptoms influenced by upstream challenges. The AHP-TOPSIS analysis confirms that financial, technological, and institutional factors dominate stakeholder concerns.</p>

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Advancing battery-as-a-service in emerging markets: identifying barriers to battery leasing through hybrid MCDM techniques

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月6日

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  • Avinash Chauhan,
  • Rudra P. Pradhan,
  • K. L. Roopa

摘要

This study investigates the critical barriers impeding the widespread adoption of battery leasing models within the Indian electric vehicle (EV) sector. A hybrid multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework is used to analyze the cause–effect relationships among 16 key barriers. The results reveal that technology obsolescence risks, complicated regulatory requirements, and battery health assessment issues are the most influential root-cause barriers. In contrast, high upfront leasing costs, resistance to new business models, and low consumer awareness emerge as effect-type symptoms influenced by upstream challenges. The AHP-TOPSIS analysis confirms that financial, technological, and institutional factors dominate stakeholder concerns.